Relative fundamental groups and rational points

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Abstract: In this paper we define a relative rigid fundamental group, which associates to a section p of a smooth and proper morphism f:XightarrowS in characteristic p, a Hopf algebra in the ind-category of overconvergent F-isocrystals on S. We prove a base change property, which says that the fibres of this object are the Hopf algebras of the rigid fundamental groups of the fibres of f. We explain how to use this theory to define period maps as Kim does for varieties over number fields, and show in certain cases that the targets of these maps can be interpreted as varieties.


Given a Serre fibration \(f\:X\to S\) with connected base and fibers \(X_-:=f^{-1}(-)\) and a section \(p\:S\to X\), the fundamental groups \(\pi_1(X_{-},p({-}))\) constitute a (nonabelian) local system over~\(S\), and any other section \(q\:S\to X\) gives rise to an element of the classifying space \(H^1(S;\pi_1(X_{-},p({-})))\). \textit{M. Kim} [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 45, No. 1, 89--133 (2009; Zbl 1165.14020)], using a certain ``de Rham fundamental group, employs these ideas in his study of rational points of algebraic curves defined over an algebraic number field~\(K\). In the paper under review, the author makes an attempt to translate Kim's arguments to the case when \(K\) is a finite extension of the function field \(\mathbb F_p(t)\) of positive characteristic. He shows that, ``under very restrictive hypotheses, the Frobenius invariant part of the classifying space has a structure of an algebraic variety. According to the author, there is still ``a very large amount of work to be done in order to make Kim's methods work in the case of positive characteristic.











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