Relatively Anosov representations via flows. II: Examples
Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively curved groups (20F67) Fuchsian groups and their generalizations (group-theoretic aspects) (20H10) Discrete subgroups of Lie groups (22E40) Dynamical systems involving transformations and group actions with special properties (minimality, distality, proximality, expansivity, etc.) (37B05) Uniformly hyperbolic systems (expanding, Anosov, Axiom A, etc.) (37D20)
The paper is the second in a series of two papers that develops a theory of relatively Anosov representations for relatively hyperbolic groups using the original ``contracting flow on a bundle definition of Anosov representations introduced by \textit{F. Labourie} [Invent. Math. 165, No. 1, 51--114 (2006; Zbl 1103.32007)] and \textit{O. Guichard} and \textit{A. Wienhard} [Invent. Math. 190, No. 2, 357--438 (2012; Zbl 1270.20049)]. For Part I of this series see [the authors, ``Relatively Anosov representations via flows. I: Theory, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2207.14737}]. In this paper, the authors focus on building examples. The first examples support the idea that relatively Anosov representations are a higher rank generalization of geometrically finite representations into rank-one semisimple Lie groups. Let \(G\) be the connected component of the identity in the isometry group of a negatively curved symmetric space \(X\). Let \(\Gamma \leq G\) be a geometrically finite group and denote by \(\mathcal{C}_X(\Gamma)\) the convex hull of its limit set in \(X\). The first result states that restricting a representation \(\tau : G \to \mathrm{SL}(d,\mathbb{K})\) (for \(\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\)) whose image contains a \(P_k\)-proximal element to \(\Gamma\), yields a representation of \(\Gamma\) that is uniformly \(P_k\)-Anosov relative to \(\mathcal{C}_X(\Gamma)\). Furthermore, using the stability property of relatively Anosov representations established in Part I of the series [the authors, loc. cit.], a small deformation of this representation is still relatively Anosov. The authors now apply their general results in the context of convex projective geometry. More precisely they characterize when the image of a relatively \(P_1\)-Anosov representation into \(\mathrm{PGL}(d,\mathbb{R})\) is a \emph{projectively visible subgroup} of the automorphism group of some properly convex domain, that acts geometrically finitely on its limit set. This characterization is in terms of a \emph{lifting property} of the representation to \(\mathrm{SL}^\pm(d,\mathbb{R})\). As in the general case, the authors produce examples of such representations from geometrically finite subgroups \(\Gamma \leq G\) using the restriction of \(P_1\)-proximal representations from \(G\) to \(\mathrm{PGL}(d,\mathbb{R})\). The final results concern a collection of other examples. The authors characterize (up to finite index) which linear discrete groups appear as the image of a peripheral subgroup under a relatively \(P_k\)-Anosov representation. They furthermore show that certain representations of \(\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Z})\) in \(\mathrm{PGL}(3,\mathbb{R})\) defined by \textit{R. Schwartz} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 78, 187--206 (1993; Zbl 0806.57004)] are relatively \(P_1\)-Anosov. The paper ends with an example of a representation of a relatively hyperbolic group whose semisimplification is relatively Anosov, but which itself is not relatively Anosov.
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