Remarks on jumping nonlinearities

Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of PDEs (35B30) Nonlinear boundary value problems for linear elliptic equations (35J65)

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Let \(\Omega\) be a smooth, bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^N\). This paper deals with the study of the jumping nonlinearity problem \[ -\Delta u=au^{+}+du^{-}-f \quad\text{in }\Omega, \qquad u=0 \quad\text{on }\partial\Omega. \] The main results are the following: (i) In the case \(f=0\) there are determined the least and the last critical groups. As a consequence of this result the author establishes sufficient conditions which ensure that problems of the type \(-\Delta u=g(u)-t\phi_1-h\) in \(\Omega\), with \(u=0\) on \(\partial\Omega\), have at least two solutions for \(t>0\) large. Here \(\phi_1\) denotes the first eigenfunction of \(-\Delta\) with homogeneous boundary condition. (ii) In some particular cases complete information is obtained on the change of the critical groups when \(a\) is increased from \(d\) till it first crosses the resonance set. (iii) There are given two examples which illustrate the abstract results. First, it is shown that the resonance set can be quite complicated locally. Then, in the case \(f=0\), it is shown that the considered boundary value problem can behave differently to the linear case. For this aim the author constructs an example where \((a,d)\) is not in the resonance set and the map \(u\mapsto u+(\Delta)^{-1}(au^++du^-)\) has index \(d\) at the origin, with \(| d| >1\). The paper is carefully written and it is related to a field which has been intensively studied in the last few years. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0903.00112].

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