Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces supporting nontrivial Hermitian weighted composition operators

DOI10.1007/S11785-011-0212-8MaRDI QIDQ371838zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 10 October 2013

Published in Complex Analysis and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1104.1329

composition operator Hermitian operator weighted composition operator weighted Hardy space

Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (= (proper) functional Hilbert spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces) (46E22) Hermitian and normal operators (spectral measures, functional calculus, etc.) (47B15) Linear operators in reproducing-kernel Hilbert spaces (including de Branges, de Branges-Rovnyak, and other structured spaces) (47B32) Linear composition operators (47B33)

Abstract: We characterize those generating functions k that produce weighted Hardy spaces of the unit disk D supporting nontrivial Hermitian weighted composition operators. Our characterization shows that the spaces associated with the "classical reproducing kernels," as well as certain natural extensions of these spaces, are precisely those that are hospitable to Hermitian weighted composition operators. It also leads to a refinement of a necessary condition for a weighted composition to be Hermitian, obtained recently by Cowen, Gunatillake, and Ko, into one that is both necessary and sufficient.

Review text

A \textit{weighted Hardy space} \(H^2(\beta)\) determined by a weight sequence \(\beta\) (\(\beta = (\beta(0)=1, \beta(1), \dots )\)) is a Hilbert function space consisting of all analytic functions \(f(z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \hat{f}(n) z^n\) for which \[ \sum_{n=0}^\infty |\hat{f}(n)|^2 \beta(n)^2 < \infty . \] This space has a reproducing kernel \[ K(z,w) = k(z\bar w) , \] where \(k\) denotes the \textit{generating function} of \(H^2(\beta)\), \[ k(z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \beta(n)^{-2} z^n . \] Given functions \(\psi : \mathbb{D} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}\) and \(\varphi : \mathbb{D} \rightarrow \mathbb{D}\), the \textit{weighted composition operator} \(W_{\psi, \varphi}\) determined by \(\psi\) and \(\varphi\) is defined by \(W_{\psi,\varphi} f = \psi \cdot (f \circ \varphi)\). These are perhaps the most natural types of operators to study on Hilbert function spaces. The literature addresses many questions regarding weighted composition operators, asking under what conditions on \(\psi, \varphi\) does \(W_{\psi,\varphi}\) give rise to a well defined bounded operator from \(H^2(\beta)\) into itself, when it is a compact operator, etc. The paper under review treats the problem of when -- if at all -- a weighted composition operator can be Hermitian (selfadjoint). In [\textit{C. C. Cowen} et al., Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 7, No.~1, 69--99 (2013; Zbl 1296.47025)], it was shown that, if \(W_{\psi,\varphi}\) is Hermitian, then \(\varphi'(0)\) and \(\psi(0)\) are real, and \[ \psi(z) = c k(a_0 z) \text{ and } \varphi(z) = a_0 + a_1 \beta(1)^2 \frac{k'(a_0z)}{k(a_0z)} , \] where \(a_0 = \varphi(0)\), \(a_1 = \varphi'(0)\) and \(c = \psi(0)\). In that paper, it was also shown that, if the generating function is given by \(k(z) = (1-z)^{-\eta}\) and \(\eta \geq 1\), then this necessary condition is also sufficient. In the paper under review, the authors give a precise answer of when the above necessary condition is also sufficient. In fact, they show that a weighted Hardy space admits a non-trivial Hermitian weighted composition operator acting on it if and only if the generating function is either of the form \[ k(z) = e^{\frac{z}{\beta(1)^{2}}}, \] (and this happens when \(\frac{2 \beta(1)^4}{\beta(2)^2} = 1\)) or \[ k(z) = (1-\lambda z)^{-\frac{1}{\lambda\beta(1)^2}}, \] where \(\lambda = \frac{1}{\beta(1)^2}(\frac{2 \beta(1)^4}{\beta(2)^2}-1) \in (0,1]\).

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