Restricted convolution sums of divisor functions for prime powers
\textit{S. Ramanujan} [Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. 22, 159--184 (1916; Zbl 0063.10010)] obtained several classical identities for convolution sums of divisor functions\N\[\ND_{k,h}(n)=\sum_{m=1}^{n-1}\sigma_k(m)\sigma_h(n-m),\N\]\Ngiving closed formulas for nine pairs \((k,h)\) with \(k+h\in\{2,4,6,8,12\}\). These identities form the starting point of the present paper. The authors consider the corresponding restricted sums\N\[\NR_{k,h}(n)= \sum_{\substack{1\le m\le n-1\\ (m,n-m)=1}} \sigma_k(m)\sigma_h(n-m).\N\]\NUsing Dirichlet inversion and Ramanujan's convolution identities, they derive explicit formulas for \(R_{k,h}(p^\alpha)\) for all nine Ramanujan pairs. They further determine the exact \(p\)-adic valuations of these sums and show that they are affine linear functions of \(\alpha\), leading to new Ramanujan-type congruences.
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