Rigidity and flexibility of virtual polytopes

DOI10.2478/BF02476005MaRDI QIDQ1407181zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors D. Massart

Publication date 11 March 2004

Published in Central European Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.2478/bf02476005

zbMATH Keywords

Bricard's flexible octahedronCauchy lemmaconnected fandisconnected netEuler characteristicflexible virtual polytopesGrothendieck groupMinkowski additionnormal vectorpolytopal functionrigidity theoremsupport functionvirtual polytope

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Three-dimensional polytopes (52B10) Lattice polytopes in convex geometry (including relations with commutative algebra and algebraic geometry) (52B20) Rigidity and flexibility of structures (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C25)

Review text

A virtual polytope is the Minkowski difference of two convex compact polytopes in \(\mathbb R^n\). The notion of a virtual polytope was independently introduced by several authors [see, e.g., \textit{P. McMullen}, Adv. Math. 78, 76-130 (1989; Zbl 0686.52005)] or \textit{A. V. Pukhlikov} and \textit{A. G. Khovanskij}, St. Petersbg. Math. J. 4, 337-356 (1993; Zbl 0791.52010)]. Virtual polytopes form an abelian group with respect to the Minkowski addition \(\otimes\). It is possible to introduce mutually consistent notions of face, edge, volume, mixed volume, support function, and fan for virtual polytopes. The volume \(V(\lambda K\otimes \mu L)\) of a linear combination of virtual polytopes \(K\) and \(L\) is a polynomial in \(\lambda\) and \(\mu\). A virtual polytope \(K\) is said to be flexible if there exists a nontrivial (i.e., not generated by a motion) continuous family of virtual polytopes \(K_t\), \(t\in [0,1]\), \(K_0=K\), such that every two \(K_t\) are combinatorially equivalent and their correspondent faces can be obtained by a motion one from another. The author proves that a virtual polytope in \(\mathbb R^3\) with a convex fan is not flexible, which is a refinement of the rigidity theorem for herissons obtained in [\textit{L. Rodriguez} and \textit{H. Rosenberg}, Comment. Math. Helv. 75, 478-503 (2000; Zbl 0968.52018)]. She also gives examples of flexible virtual polytopes which are similar to Bricard's flexible octahedra.

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Cited in

(4)

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