Rotation sets of surface homeomorphisms
Let \(f\) be a continuous map of a compact metrisable space \(X\) into itself and let \(F\) be a homotopy joining \(f\) with the identity. The author defines for a given \(f\)-invariant probability measure \(\mu\) the rotation vector \(\rho_F (\mu)\in H_1 (X, \mathbb{R})\). The homology class \(\rho_F (\mu)\) is said to be realized by the probability \(\mu\); if \(\mu\) is supported on a periodic orbit of \(f\) then \(\rho_F (\mu)\) is said to be realizable by a periodic orbit. The image of \(\rho_F\) is the rotation set \(R_F\). The definition of the author differs from that of \textit{M. Pollicott}'s paper in [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 331, No. 2, 881-894 (1992; Zbl 0758.58018) (referred to as [10]) extending the first definition of Misiurewicz and Ziemian, referred to as [9] in the paper. Let \(f\) be a homeomorphism, homotopic to the identity, of a closed oriented surface \(S\) of genus \(>2\). In this case \(\rho= \rho_F\) and \(R= R_F\) do not depend on \(F\). If the limit \[ \mu (x)= \lim {1\over N} \sum^N_{i=1} f^{i-1} \delta_x \text{ as }N \to\infty \] exists for some \(x \) belonging to the surface \(S\), where \(\delta_x\) is the Dirac probability at \(x\), then the \(f\)-invariant probability measure \(\mu(x)\) is called the asymptotic probability at \(x\). Theorem 1. If \(R\) contains 0 as an extremal point and \(\text{int} (R)\) is nonempty and admits a point realizable by an asymptotic probability, then any rational point of \(\text{int} (R)\) is realizable by a periodic orbit. Theorem 2. Let \(f\) be a \(C^1\) diffeomorphism of \(S\), isotopic to the identity. Suppose that there are points \(a_n\), \(0\leq n\leq g+1\), in \(R\), realized by periodic orbits which form a nondegenerate \((g+1)\)-simplex. Then the topological entropy of \(f\) is positive. Theorem 3 characterizes the rotation sets for generalized pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms.
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