SPIN structures and codimension-two homeomorphism extensions

DOI10.4310/MRL.2012.V19.N2.A7MaRDI QIDQ2391606zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Fan Ding, Yi Liu, Jiangang Yao, Shicheng Wang

Publication date 5 August 2013

Published in Mathematical Research Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.4949

zbMATH Keywords

Embeddingextensioninduced spin structuremanifoldspin structure

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Embeddings and immersions in topological manifolds (57N35)

Abstract: Let $imath:MoR{R}^{p+2}$ be a smooth embedding from a connected, oriented, closed $p$-dimesional smooth manifold to $R{R}^{p+2}$, then there is a spin structure $imat{h}^{s}harp(varsigm{a}^{p+2})$ on $M$ canonically induced from the embedding. If an orientation-preserving diffeomorphism $au$ of $M$ extends over $imath$ as an orientation-preserving topological homeomorphism of $R{R}^{p+2}$, then $au$ preserves the induced spin structure. Let $es{g}_{c}at(imath)$ be the subgroup of the $cat$-mapping class group $mc{g}_{c}at(M)$ consisting of elements whose representatives extend over $R{R}^{p+2}$ as orientation-preserving $cat$-homeomorphisms, where $cat=opo$, $pl$ or $diff$. The invariance of $imat{h}^{s}harp(varsigm{a}^{p+2})$ gives nontrivial lower bounds to $[mc{g}_{c}at(M):es{g}_{c}at(imath)]$ in various special cases. We apply this to embedded surfaces in $R{R}^4$ and embedded $p$-dimensional tori in $R{R}^{p+2}$. In particular, in these cases the index lower bounds for $es{g}_{o}po(imath)$ are achieved for unknotted embeddings.

Review text

If \(M\) is a connected, oriented closed \(p\)-dimensional smooth manifold and \(i:M\to \mathbb R^{p+2}\) a smooth, PL or topological embedding, then MCG\(_{\mathcal{C}}(M) = \pi_0\)Homeo\(_{\mathcal{C}}^+(M)\) denotes the group of \(\mathcal{C}\)-isotopy classes of orientation-preserving \(\mathcal{C}\)-homeomorphisms on \(M\), where \(\mathcal{C}\) denotes one of the mentioned categories. Now, one can ask within the considered category the following homeomorphism extension question. For a given embedding \(i:M\to \mathbb R^{p+2}\) and homeomorphism \(\tau:M\to M\) is there orientation preserving homeomorphism \(\tilde{\tau}:\mathbb R^{p+2}\to \mathbb R^{p+2}\) such that \(i\circ \tau = \tilde{\tau} \circ i.\) Then the class \([\tau ]\in\) MCG\(_{\mathcal{C}}(M)\) is called \(\mathcal{C}\)-extendable over \(i\). Such classes define the \(\mathcal{C}\)-extendable subgroup \(\mathcal{E}_\mathcal{C}(i)\) of MCG\(_\mathcal{C} (M)\). The paper asks: what is the index of \(\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{C}}(i) \leq\) MCG\(_\mathcal{C} (M)\)? To achieve this let \(\varsigma^{p+2}\) be the canonical spin structure on \(\mathbb R^{p+2}\). Using Seifert hypersurfaces, the authors develop an invariant-induced spin structure \(i^*(\varsigma^{p+2})\) on \(M\) that is canonically induced from the embedding \(i:M\to \mathbb R^{p+2}\). All this is used to determine an index lower bound when \(M\) is a \(p\)-dimensional torus \(T^p\) or a closed-orientable surface. The index lower bound for \(T^p\), under an additional condition on \(i^*(\varsigma^{p+2})\) is \( \geq 2^p-1.\)

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