Salem numbers of negative trace
Let \({\mathcal S}_d\) denote the set of Salem numbers of degree \(2d\) with trace \(-1\). The author shows that \({\mathcal S}_d\) is non-empty for \(d \geq 4\) and that \[ |{\mathcal S}_d|> 0.1387 d/(\log \log d)^2. \] This implies in particular that \(|{\mathcal S}_d|\to \infty\) as \(d \to \infty\) so that there are certainly infinitely many Salem numbers with negative trace. Let \({\mathcal A}_d\) denote the set of totally positive algebraic integers of degree \(d\) and trace \(2d-1\). Then the result about Salem numbers implies that \({\mathcal A}_d\) is non-empty for all \(d \geq 1\) and that \[ |{\mathcal A}_d|> 0.1387d/(\log\log d)^2. \] The proof is based on a careful analysis of the polynomial \[ P_{d,m}(z) = \bigl(z^{2d}(z^2-z-1) + z^{2(d-m)} + z^{2(m+1)} - z^2 - z +1 \bigr)/(z-1)^2, \] which, if irreducible, defines an element of \({\mathcal S}_d\) provided \(d \geq 5\) and \(1 \leq m \leq \lfloor (d-1)/2 \rfloor\). The lower bound for \(|{\mathcal S}_d|\) is thus an estimate of the number of \(m\) for which \(P_{d,m}(z)\) is irreducible. Salem numbers with trace \(-1\) have been used by \textit{C. T. McMullen} to construct \(K3\) surface automorphisms with Siegel disks [``Dynamics on \(K3\) surfaces: Salem numbers and Siegel disks, J. Reine Angew. Math. 545, 201-233 (2002; Zbl 1054.37026)]. In that paper he asks whether there are any Salem numbers with trace \(< -1\). Smyth has constructed a single example of a Salem number of degree 1278 with trace \(-2\). One would conjecture that there are infinitely many Salem numbers with any given trace. This was recently proved to be the case for Pisot numbers by \textit{J. McKee, P. Rowlinson} and \textit{C. J. Smyth}, ``Salem numbers and Pisot numbers from stars [in ``Number Theory in Progress 1997, Vol. 1, 309-319 (1999; Zbl 0931.11041)]. The difficulty in extending this to the Salem numbers is well illustrated by the paper under review.
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