Sampling the SU(N) Invariants of Three-Manifolds
Let \(M\) be a closed oriented 3-manifold. This paper concerns the \(SU(N)\) invariants of three-manifolds predicted by Witten and formulated using skein theory by Yokota. The author constructs examples of 3-manifolds which have the same \(SU(N)\) invariants for all \(N\), but are not homeomorphic. These can be constructed by gluing together two knot complements using nonisotopic diffeomorphisms. The \(SU(N)\)-invariants depend on a parameter \(t\) which must be chosen to be a primitive \(2N(K+N)\) root of unity, where \(K\) is a positive integer. Under the assumption that \(K+N\) is prime and \(K>N\), the author calculates the \(SU(N)\) invariants for \(M=S^1\times S^1\times S^1\), and for the torus bundle over \(S^1\) with monodromy the homeomorphism of the torus that induces multiplication by \(-1\) on the fundamental group. It is seen that although these manifolds have the same \(SU(2)\) invariants, their \(SU(N)\) invariants differ for \(N\geq 3\). The author expects that the restrictions on \(K\) and \(N+K\) can be removed, but further calculations would be needed. In a final section, the author develops a certain ``duality which states that (for general \(t\)) the decoration on any curve of an element of the linear skein of the 2-sphere may be changed in a certain way without changing the value of the skein. This is analogous to a property of the Jones polynomial, for which reversing the orientation of a component of the link changes the polynomial by multiplication by a certain power of \(t\).
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