Second-order subgradients of convex integral functionals

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The authors discuss the second-order behaviour of a nonsmooth convex function defined over a reflexive Banach space. More precisely, they introduce a definition of second-order subdifferential - which makes use of Mosco convergence - and then provide several interesting characterizations of this concept. The motivations of their choice and also the comparison with other approaches are illustrated in detail. They also provide a representation formula for the second-order differential of integral functionals of the type \[ I(x)=\int_S f(s,x(s)) \mu(ds),\qquad x\in L^p_E,\qquad p\geq 1, \] where \(\;E\;\) is a reflexive separable Banach space. For these types of functionals their characterization extends the result due to \textit{C. N. Do} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 334, No. 1, 281-301 (1992; Zbl 0767.49008)]. Applications of the present results to problems of calculus of variations and ellipsoidal sets in \(L^2\)-spaces are also presented.



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