Selection of slow diffusion in a reaction diffusion model: limiting cases
The author use the reaction-diffusion systems \[ \partial_t u_i=\nabla.(d_i(x)\nabla u_i)+ \biggl(a(x)-\sum_{j=1}^n u_j\biggr)u_i \tag \(*\) \] with the Neumann boundary condition to study the phenomenon of the slowing down of the dispersal rate of multi-species \(u_1,u_2,\dots,u_n,\) in a heterogeneous environment with a nonconstant function \(a(x).\) The authors obtain the following three results about the unique nonnegative equilibria \(\widetilde{U}_i\) (\(i=1,2,\dots,n\)) of \((*)\): (a) These solutions are semi-trivial, and \(\widetilde{U}_1\) is linearly stable but the others are not. (b) Let \(n=3\) and if \(\sup_{x\in\Omega}| d_1(x)-d_2(x)| \) is sufficiently small, then all positive solutions of \((*)\) converge as \(t\to\infty\) to \(\widetilde{U}_1.\) (c) Let \(n>3\) and if \(\inf_{x\in\Omega} d_i(x)\) is suffiently large for each \(i\geq 3,\) then all positive solutions of \((*)\) converge as \(t\to\infty\) to \(\widetilde{U}_1.\)
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