Self-adjoint curl operators
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Abstract: We study the exterior derivative as a symmetric unbounded operator on square integrable 1-forms on a 3D bounded domain . We aim to identify boundary conditions that render this operator self-adjoint. By the symplectic version of the Glazman-Krein-Naimark theorem this amounts to identifying complete Lagrangian subspaces of the trace space of H(curl) equipped with a symplectic pairing arising from the -product of 1-forms on . Substantially generalizing earlier results, we characterize Lagrangian subspaces associated with closed and co-closed traces. In the case of non-trivial topology of the domain, different contributions from co-homology spaces also distinguish different self-adjoint extension. Finally, all self-adjoint extensions discussed in the paper are shown to possess a discrete point spectrum, and their relationship with curl curl-operators is discussed.
This paper deals with the study of the exterior derivative as a symmetric unbounded operator on square integrable 1-forms on bounded domains in the three dimensional Euclidean space. In the first part, the authors summarize the properties of self-adjoint extensions through complete Lagrangian subspaces of certain factor spaces. Next, the authors apply these abstract results to trace spaces for 1-forms and the corresponding curl operator. They also discuss the properties of Lagrangian subspaces spawned by the Hodge decomposition of 1-forms on surfaces. In relationship with these properties, there are established concrete boundary conditions for self-adjoint curl operators induced by the complete Lagrangian subspaces. The final sections of this paper deal with the spectral properties of the classes of self-adjoint curls examined before and explore their relationships with curl-curl operators.
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