Self-automaton semigroups.

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Abstract: After reviewing automaton semigroups, we introduce Cayley Automata and the corresponding Cayley Automaton semigroups. We investigate which semigroups are isomorphic to their Cayley Automaton semigroup and give some results for special classes of semigroups. We answer a question posed by Cain relating to the dual construction.


The Cayley automaton \(C(S)\) of a finite semigroup \(S\) has state set \(S\) (when an element of \(S\) is considered as a state it is denoted with overlay); its input-output vocabulary is \(S\) and transition function \(\delta(\overline s,t)=(\overline{st},st)\), i.e. if automaton in state \(\overline s\in S\) receives input \(t\in S\), then its next state will be \(\overline{st}\) and output \(st\). Consider semigroup of outputs as \(|S|\)-ary rooted tree, then every state creates an endomorphism of this tree which is in natural way extended to sequences of states; this creates a homomorphism \(\Phi\colon S^+\to\mathrm{End}(S^*)\); a semigroup \(T\) is a Cayley automaton semigroup if there exists a semigroup \(S\) such that \(T\) is isomorphic to image of the homomorphism \(\Phi\). Here is investigated, which semigroups are isomorphic to their Cayley automaton semigroup (are self-automaton), e.g. it is shown, that a band is self-automaton iff its left-regular representation is faithful, i.e. for every \(a\in S\) the map \(\lambda_a\colon S\to S\), \(\lambda_a(x)=ax\) is injective.





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