Semigroups embeddable in hyperplane face monoids.

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Abstract: The left regular band structure on a hyperplane arrangement and its representation theory provide an important connection between semigroup theory and algebraic combinatorics. A finite semigroup embeds in a real hyperplane face monoid if and only if it is in the quasivariety generated by the monoid obtained by adjoining an identity to the two-element left zero semigroup. We prove that this quasivariety is on the one hand polynomial time decidable, and on the other minimally non-finitely based. A similar result is obtained for the semigroups embeddable in complex hyperplane semigroups.


Let \(L\) stand for the 3-element monoid consisting of the identity element and two left zeros. The authors observe that the face monoid of every central hyperplane arrangement in the real space \(\mathbb R^d\) with \(n\) hyperplanes embeds into the \(n\)-th direct power of \(L\). This motivates their study of the quasivariety \(\text{qv}(L)\) generated by \(L\). The authors exhibit an algorithm that, given a finite semigroup \(S\), decides in polynomial in \(|S|\) time whether or not \(S\) lies in \(\text{qv}(L)\) and prove that \(\text{qv}(L)\) has no finite quasiidentity basis. Similar results are obtained for the 4-element monoid \(L^0\) that is related in the same way to the face monoids of central hyperplane arrangements in the complex space \(\mathbb C^d\).



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