Sequential closure in the space of measures

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Abstract: We show that there is a compact topological space carrying a measure which is not a weak* limit of finitely supported measures but is in the sequential closure of the set of such measures. We construct compact spaces with measures of arbitrarily high levels of complexity in this sequential hierarchy. It follows that there is a compact space in which the sequential closure cannot be obtained in countably many steps. However, we show that this is not the case for our spaces where the sequential closure is always obtained in countably many steps.


For a compact Hausdorff space \(K\), let \(\mathcal{M}(K)\) be the space of all signed Borel measures on \(K\) endowed with the weak\(^*\)-topology and \(S_0(K)\) the collection of probability measures in \(\mathcal{M}(K)\) which are finite sums of Dirac measures. For \(\alpha\leq\omega_1\), let \(S_\alpha(K)=\{\lim_n\mu_n: (\forall\,n)(\exists\beta<\alpha)(\mu_n\in S_\beta(K))\}\) be defined by induction. The main result says: For each \(1\leq\alpha<\omega_1\), there exists a Stone space \(K\) such that \(\bigcup_{\beta<\alpha}S_\beta(K)\neq S_\alpha(K)=S_{\alpha+1}(K)\). As a consequence, a Stone space \(K\) is given such that \(S_\alpha(K)\neq \bigcup_{\beta<\alpha}S_\beta(K)\) for all \(1\leq\alpha<\omega_1\).











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