Sequential isomorphisms between the sets of von Neumann algebra effects
A quantum effect is a positive (bounded linear) operator \(A\) on a complex Hilbert space \(H\) that is majorized by the identity. \textit{S. Gudder} and \textit{G. Nagy} [J. Math. Phys. 42, 5212--5222 (2001; Zbl 1018.81005)] introduced the concept of sequential product of two quantum effects, that is, \(A\circ B=\sqrt{A}B\sqrt{A}\), and studied the algebraic properties of this. A sequential automorphism of \(E(H)\), the set of all quantum effects on \(H\), is a bijective map \(\Phi \) from \(E(H)\) onto \(E(H)\) which satisfies \(\Phi (A\circ B)=\Phi (A)\circ \Phi (B)\) for all \(A\) and \(B\) in \(E(H).\) The structure of all sequential automorphisms of \(E(H)\), \(\dim H\geq 3\), was obtained by \textit{S. Gudder} and \textit{R. Greechie} [Rep. Math. Phys. 49, 87--111 (2002; Zbl 1023.81001)]. They showed that the automorphisms of \(E(H)\) are exactly the transformations \(\Phi \) of the form \(\Phi (A)=U^{*}AU, \) \(A\in E(H)\), where \(U\) is either a unitary or an anti unitary operator on \(H\). The author [Linear Algebra Appl. 370, 287--300 (2003; Zbl 1040.47028)] showed that the result obtained by Gudder and Greechie is valid also if \(\dim H=2\). This paper is devoted to the description of sequential isomorphisms between the sets of von Neumann algebra effects. Given a von Neumann algebra \(\mathcal{A}\), a von Neumann algebra effect is a positive element in \(\mathcal{A}\) which is majorized by the identity. Let \(\mathcal{A}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\) be two von Neumann algebras. If \(\mathcal{A}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\) are commutative, then the sequential isomorphisms from \(E(\mathcal{A})\) onto \(E(\mathcal{B})\) coincide with the multiplicative bijections from \(E(\mathcal{A})\) to \(E(\mathcal{B}).\) A sequential isomorphism \(\Phi \) from \(E(\mathcal{A})\) onto \(E(\mathcal{B)}\) maps the effects in the type \(I_n\) direct summand of \(\mathcal{A}\) to the effects in the type \(I_n\) direct summand of \(\mathcal{B}\). Using this fact and the type decomposition of \(\mathcal{A}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\), the author shows that if \(\mathcal{A}\) and \(\mathcal{B}\) have no commutative direct summands, then \(\Phi \) extends to the direct sum of a \(*\)-isomorphism and a \(*\)-antiisomorphism from \(\mathcal{A}\) onto \(\mathcal{B}\).
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