Set-theoretic geology

DOI10.1016/J.APAL.2014.11.004MaRDI QIDQ2514847zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gunter Fuchs, Joel David Hamkins, Jonas Reitz

Publication date 4 February 2015

Published in Annals of Pure and Applied Logic (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.4776

zbMATH Keywords

forcinginner modelground modelset-theoretic geology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other aspects of forcing and Boolean-valued models (03E40) Large cardinals (03E55) Inner models, including constructibility, ordinal definability, and core models (03E45) Other notions of set-theoretic definability (03E47)

Abstract: A ground of the universe V is a transitive proper class W subset V, such that W is a model of ZFC and V is obtained by set forcing over W, so that V = W[G] for some W-generic filter G subset P in W . The model V satisfies the ground axiom GA if there are no such W properly contained in V . The model W is a bedrock of V if W is a ground of V and satisfies the ground axiom. The mantle of V is the intersection of all grounds of V . The generic mantle of V is the intersection of all grounds of all set-forcing extensions of V . The generic HOD, written gHOD, is the intersection of all HODs of all set-forcing extensions. The generic HOD is always a model of ZFC, and the generic mantle is always a model of ZF. Every model of ZFC is the mantle and generic mantle of another model of ZFC. We prove this theorem while also controlling the HOD of the final model, as well as the generic HOD. Iteratively taking the mantle penetrates down through the inner mantles to what we call the outer core, what remains when all outer layers of forcing have been stripped away. Many fundamental questions remain open.

Recommendations

• Inner model theoretic geology
• The downward directed grounds hypothesis and very large cardinals
• The ground axiom
• Choice principles in local mantles
• The ground axiom is consistent with V $\neq $ HOD

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Cited in

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