Signs of the second coefficients of Hecke polynomials
Let \(m \geq 1\) fixed and coprime with \(N\) and \(k \geq 2\). Suppose that \(\chi\) is a Dirichlet character modulo \(N\) such that \(\chi(-1)=(-1)^k\). It is well known that one can construct Hecke polynomials of cusp forms by Hecke operators and it is standard to write the coefficients of those polynomials by \(a_n(m, N, k, \chi)\) where \(m\) shows which Hecke operator is applied, \(N\) is the level and \(k\) is the weight. Then, in the paper under review, the authors prove that \(a_2(m, N, k, \chi)\) vanishes for only finitely many triples \((N,k, \chi)\). As a second result, for the case \(\chi\) is trivial, they determine the sign of the second coefficient explicitly where the weight \(k\) is even. More precisely, they show that if \(m\) is not a perfect square, then \(a_2(m, N, k)\) is negative for all but finitely many pairs \((N,k)\) and if \(m\) is a perfect square, then \(a_2(m, N, k)\) is positive for all but finitely many pairs \((N,k)\). For the proof, they express \(a_2(m, N, k, \chi)\) in terms of traces of various Hecke operators and these traces can each be evaluated by the Eichler-Selberg trace formula. By doing this, they can identify the dominant terms for these traces, coming from the Hecke operators with perfect square index and finally they determine the asymptotic growth of \(a_2(m, N, k, \chi)\). They also compute all the exceptional pairs which means the case \(\chi\) is trivial and \(m=3,4\).
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1973372 (Why is no real title available?)
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