Simultaneous approximation by Bernstein polynomials with integer coefficients

DOI10.1016/J.JAT.2018.08.003MaRDI QIDQ1801174zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 26 October 2018

Published in Journal of Approximation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08248

Bernstein polynomials integer coefficients modulus of continuity modulus of smoothness rate of convergence simultaneous approximation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Approximation by polynomials (41A10) Simultaneous approximation (41A28)

Abstract: We prove that several forms of the Bernstein polynomials with integer coefficients possess the property of simultaneous approximation, that is, they approximate not only the function but also its derivatives. We establish direct estimates of the error of that approximation in uniform norm by means of moduli of smoothness. Moreover, we show that the sufficient conditions under which those estimates hold are also necessary.

Review text

The author studies two modifications of the Bernstein polynomials for \(f\in C[0,1]\) and proves results for these modifications that have been proved before for the ordinary Bernstein polynomials The first modifications is due to \textit{L. V. Kantorovich} [Bull. Acad. Sci. URSS 1931, No. 9, 1163--1168 (1931; Zbl 0003.39102)] and uses \[ B_n(f)(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\,\left[f\left({k\over n}\right){n\choose k} \right] x^k(1-x)^{n-k}, \] with \([\alpha]\) the largest integer less than or equal to \(\alpha\in \mathbb{R}\) (the \textit{entier}). The second one is \[ \tilde{B}_n(f)(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n\,\left\langle f\left({k\over n}\right){n\choose k} \right\rangle x^k(1-x)^{n-k}, \] where \(\langle\alpha\rangle\) is the integer for which the minimum \(\min_{m\in{\mathbb Z}}\,|\alpha -m|\) is attained (when \(\alpha\) is in the middle between two consecutive integers, either of these can be taken). The main results are Theorem 1.1. Let \(s\in{\mathbb N}\). Let \(f\in C^s[0,1]\) be such that \(f(0), f(1), f'(0), f'(1)\in{\mathbb Z}\) and \(f^{(i)}(0)=f^{(i)}(1)=0,\;2\leq i\leq s\). Moreover, let there exist an \(n_0\in [\mathbb N,n_0]\geq s\), such that \[ f\left( {k\over n}\right)\geq f(0)+{k\over n}\,f'(0),\quad 1\leq k\leq s,\quad n\geq n_0, \] \[ f\left( {k\over n}\right)\geq f(1)-\left(1-{k\over n}\right)\,f'(1),\quad n-s\leq k\leq n-1,\quad n\geq n_0. \] Then for \(n\geq n_0\) holds \[ \|(\widetilde{B}_n(f))^{(s)}-f^{(s)}\|\leq c \begin{cases}\omega_{\varphi}^2(f', n^{-1/2})+\omega_1(f', n^{-1})+{1\over n}, \quad s=1, \\ \omega_{\varphi}^2(f', n^{-1/2})+\omega_1(f', n^{-1})+{1\over n}\|f^{(s)}\| +{1\over n},\quad s\geq 2.\end{cases} \] The constant \(c\) is independent of \(f\) and \(n\). Theorem 1.3 Let \(s\in{\mathbb N}\). Let \(f\in C^s[0,1]\) be such that \(f(0), f(1), f'(0), f'(1)\in{\mathbb Z}\) and \(f^{(i)}(0)=f^{(i)}(1)=0,\;2\leq i\leq s\). Then \[ \|(\widehat{B}_n(f))^{(s)}-f^{(s)}\|\leq c\begin{cases} \omega_{\varphi}^2(f', n^{-1/2})+\omega_1(f', n^{-1})+{1\over n}, \quad s=1, \\ \omega_{\varphi}^2(f', n^{-1/2})+\omega_1(f', n^{-1})+{1\over n}\|f^{(s)}\| +{1\over n},\quad s\geq 2.\end{cases} \] The constant \(c\) is independent of \(f\) and \(n\). Moreover, the author proves the necessity of the assumptions in Theorems 1.1 and 1.3 in the Theorems 3.1 and 3.2. The paper uses the ordinary modulu of continuity \(\omega_1(\cdot,\cdot)\) in the sup-norm on \([0,1]\) and the Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness \(\omega_{\varphi}^2(\cdot,\cdot)\) controlled by the weight function \(\varphi(x)=\sqrt{x(1-x)}\), also in the uniform norm on \([0,1]\).

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