Singular functional equations with polynomial coefficients
In this paper, the author studies the singular case of functional equations of the form\N\[\N\sum_{j=1}^{M}P_j(x,y)f_j(a_jx+c_jy)=\sum_{k=1}^{n}u_k(x)v_k(y),\N\]\Nextending a recent theorem of \textit{M. Sablik} and \textit{E. Shulman} [Result. Math. 79, No. 1, Paper No. 35, 11 p. (2024; Zbl 1535.39009)], who proved that under suitable invertibility assumptions on the matrices \(a_j,c_j\) and the slope differences \(a_i^{-1}c_i-a_j^{-1}c_j\), all solutions are exponential rationals. The paper addresses the situation when these slope differences are singular.\N\NAfter normalization \(g_j(x)=f_j(a_jx)\) and denoting \(b_j=a_j^{-1}c_j\), the author groups terms according to equal slopes and extracts, by a polynomial-reduction procedure adapted from [loc. cit.], a nontrivial polynomial combination \(\psi\) of the normalized functions belonging to a distinguished slope class. The main result shows that one cannot generally obtain exponential-polynomial behavior along the sum of the singular image spaces. Instead, the author proves that suitable mixed differences of \(\psi\) along the image spaces \(U_{k}= \mathrm{Im}(b_{k}-b_{1})\), are exponential polynomials. As a consequence, \(\psi\) restricts to an exponential polynomial on every affine subspace parallel to a linear subspace contained in the intersection of the relevant image spaces. In particular, when all active image spaces coincide, \(\psi\) is a partial exponential polynomial along this common subspace.\N\NThe paper thus provides a singular counterpart to the regular-case of the results of Sablik and Shulman [loc. cit.] and clarifies precisely which exponential-polynomial properties remain valied in the presence of singular slope differences.
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- Sulla equazione funzionale \(f(x+y)=\sum^n_{i=1} X_i(x)Y_i(y)\).
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