Singular hyperbolic metrics and negative subharmonic functions
In this paper, the authors mainly investigate the monodromy groups of singular hyperbolic metrics on Riemann surfaces in terms of the analytic properties of the underling surfaces. \textit{G. Thompson} and \textit{Z. Wick} [Extr. Math. 27, No. 2, 201--230 (2012; Zbl 1279.22030)] had classified all the connected Lie subgroups of \(GL(2,\mathbb{R})\) up to conjugacy. In this paper, up to conjugacy, the authors classify all the positive-dimensional proper Lie subgroups of \(PSL(2, \mathbb{R})\) as the following five classes: \((1)\) the two dimensional subgroup \(L=\left\{\begin{pmatrix}a & b\\\N0 & a^{-1}\end{pmatrix}, a>0, b\in \mathbb{R}\right\}\); \((2)\) the family \(\{H_{1c}: c>0\}\) of one dimensional Lie subgroups \(H_{1c}=\left\{\begin{pmatrix}c^{n} & t\\\N0 & c^{-n}\end{pmatrix}, n\in \mathbb{Z}, t\in \mathbb{R}\right\}\); \((3)\) the one dimensional subgroup \(H_{2}=\left\{\begin{pmatrix}a & 0\\\N0 & a^{-1}\end{pmatrix}, a>0 \right\}\); \((4)\) the one dimensional subgroup \(H'_{2}=H_{2}\cup\left\{\begin{pmatrix}0 & b\\\Nb^{-1}& 0\end{pmatrix}, b>0\right\}\); \((5)\) the one dimensional subgroup \(H_{3}\left\{\begin{pmatrix}\cos t & \sin t\\\N-\sin t& \cos t\end{pmatrix}, t\in \mathbb{R}\right\}.\) The authors investigate \(G\)-metrics as \(G\) varies among all the positive-dimensional proper Lie subgroups of \(PSL(2, \mathbb{R}).\) They prove that there exists no \(H_{3}\)-metric on a non-hyperbolic Riemann surface, and construct a family of \(H_{3}\)-metrics with countably many cone singularities on the unit disk. They show the non-existence of either \(H_{2}\)-metric or \(H'_{2}\)-metric on a non-hyperbolic Riemann surface. Furthermore, they propose a conjecture that the monodromy group of a singular hyperbolic metric on a non-hyperbolic Riemann surface is Zariski dense in \(PSL(2, \mathbb{R}).\) They also confirm the conjecture if the Riemann surface is the once punctured Riemann sphere, the twice punctured Riemann sphere, a once punctured torus or a compact Riemann surface.
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