Singular integrals along variable codimension one subspaces
This paper deals with maximal operators on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) formed by taking arbitrary rotations of tensor products of a \(d\)-dimensional Hörmander-Mihlin multiplier with the identity in \(n - d\) coordinates, in the particular codimension 1 case \(d = n - 1\). These maximal operators are naturally connected to differentiation problems and maximally modulated singular integrals such as the Sjölin's generalization of Carleson's maximal operator.\N\NLet \(T_{\mathfrak{m}}^{\star}\) be the maximal operator associated to a family of Hörmander-Mihlin multipliers \(\mathfrak{m}:=\{m_{\sigma}\in \mathcal{M}_A (d):\sigma\in \text{Gr}(d,n)\}\), and let for a smooth radial function \(\zeta:\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}\) with \(\text{supp}(\zeta)\subset \{\xi\in\mathbb{R}^n: 1<|\xi|<3/2 \}\) and \(k\in\mathbb{R}\), \N\[\NP_k f(x):=\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}\zeta(2^{-k}|\xi|)\widehat{f}(\xi)e^{2\pi i\langle x, \xi\rangle}d\xi\quad (x\in\mathbb{R}^n).\N\]\NThe main result of the paper is the following\N\NTheorem. There exists \(A=A(d)\) such that the following holds. Suppose that the family \(\mathfrak{m}:=\{m_{\sigma}\in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^d):\sigma\in \text{Gr}(d,n)\}\) is such that \N\[\N\|\mathfrak{m}\|_{\mathcal{M}_A (\textbf{Gr}(d,n))}:= \sup_{\sigma, \tau \in \text{Gr}(d,n)} \bigg[\|m_{\sigma}\|_{\mathcal{M}_A (d)} + \log\bigg( e+\frac{1}{\text{dist}(\sigma,\tau)}\bigg) \|m_{\tau}-m_{\sigma}\|_{\mathcal{M}_A (d)}\bigg]\leq 1. \N\]\NThen for every \(k\in\mathbb{R}\) there holds \N\[\N\|T_{\mathfrak{m}}^{\star}\circ P_k:L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\to L^{2,\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)\| \lesssim 1, \quad \|T_{\mathfrak{m}}^{\star}\circ P_k:L^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\| \lesssim_p 1\,\ (2<p<\infty). \N\]\NThis result leads to several corollaries. The first is a sharp \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) estimate for the maximal operator restricted to a finite set of rotations in terms of the cardinality of the finite set. The second is a version of the Carleson-Sjölin theorem. In addition, it is shown that functions in the Besov space \(B^{0}_{p,1}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) \((2 \leq p <\infty)\), may be recovered from their averages along a measurable choice of codimension 1 subspaces, a form of Zygmund's conjecture in general dimension \(n\).
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