Small hyperbolic polyhedra

3-dimensional Coxeter polyhedra essential suborbifold hyperbolic orbifold hyperbolic polyhedra hyperbolic turnover polyhedral orbifold small orbifold triangle groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Three-dimensional polytopes (52B10) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50) Topology and geometry of orbifolds (57R18)

Abstract: We classify the 3-dimensional hyperbolic polyhedral orbifolds that contain no embedded essential 2-suborbifolds, up to decomposition along embedded hyperbolic triangle orbifolds (turnovers). We give a necessary condition for a 3-dimensional hyperbolic polyhedral orbifold to contain an immersed (singular) hyperbolic turnover, we classify the triangle subgroups of the fundamental groups of orientable 3-dimensional hyperbolic tetrahedral orbifolds in the case when all of the vertices of the tetrahedra are non-finite, and we provide a conjectural classification of all the triangle subgroups of the fundamental groups of orientable 3-dimensional hyperbolic polyhedral orbifolds. Finally, we show that any triangle subgroup of a (non-orientable) 3-dimensional hyperbolic reflection group arises from a triangle reflection subgroup.

Review text

The structures of the 3-dimensional hyperbolic polyhedral orbifolds have been widely investigated by several authors (E. M. Andreev, W. P. Thurston, J. G. Ratcliffe, W. D. Dunbar, E. Molnár) in geometry. In this paper the author contributes to this topic with some nice results. He classifies the 3-dimensional hyperbolic polyhedral orbifolds that contain no embedded essential 2-suborbifolds, up to decomposition along embedded hyperbolic triangle orbifolds (relating to the so-called small hyperbolic polyhedra). The author determines, as the generalization of a result of \textit{C. Maclachlan} [Pac. J. Math. 176, No. 1, 195--203 (1996; Zbl 0865.20031)] those hyperbolic polyhedral orbifolds that contain an immersed singular hyperbolic triangular 2-orbifold. Moreover, he also proves that any orientable hyperbolic triangle subgroup of a nonorientable 3-dimensional hyperbolic reflection group \(G\) arises as a subgroup of index two of a nonorientable hyperbolic triangle reflection subgroup of \(G\).

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