Some Remarks on Multiplication and Projective Modules

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Let \(R\) be a commutative ring with identity and let \(M\) be an unitary \(R\)-module. The module \(M\) is said to be a multiplication module if each submodule \(N\) of \(M\) has the form \(IM\) for some ideal \(I\) of \(R\) [see \textit{A. Barnard}, J. Algebra 71, 174--178 (1981; Zbl 0468.13011)]. The associated ideal of \(M\) is defined as \(\theta(M)=\sum_{m\in M}[Rm:M]\). This ideal plays a very important role in the following papers by \textit{D. D. Anderson}: Math. Jap. 25, 463--469 (1980; Zbl 0446.13001) and in: Ideal theoretic Methods in Commutative Algebra, Proc. Conf. Honor Huckaba Retirement, Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 220, 13--25 (2001; Zbl 1037.13005) on the study of multiplication modules and the paper Commun. Algebra 30, No.7, 3383--3390 (2002; Zbl 1016.13002)by \textit{D. D. Anderson} and \textit{Y. Shaniafi}. The trace of \(M\) is defined as \(T(M)=\sum_{f\in \text{Hom}(M,R)}f(M)\). The authors prove that if \(M\) is a projective module, then \(R=T(M)+\text{ann}(m)\), for each \(m\in M\) and moreover the following equality holds: \(T(M)=\sum_{m\in M}\text{ann(\text{ann(M)})}\). Theorem 3.4 of the paper gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a projective module to be a multiplication module. More precisely, if \(M\) is a projective \(R\)-module, then the authors prove that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) \(M\) is a multiplication module; (2) \(M=\theta(M)M\); (3) \(\theta(M)=T(M)\oplus \text{ann}(M)\); (4) \(M\) is locally cyclic. The authors also give new proofs of theorems on multiplication modules by \textit{Z. El-Bast} and \textit{P. F. Smith} [see Commun. Algebra 16, No.4, 755--779 (1988; Zbl 0642.13002)] and \textit{G. M. Low} and \textit{P. F. Smith} [see Commun. Algebra 18, No.12, 4353--4375 (1990; Zbl 0737.13001)] using their own methods. As pointed out by the authors, these methods also apply to projective modules.











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