Some algebraic and analytic structures in integrable systems
Heisenberg chainHopf algebrasinfinite chainintegrable quantum systemsintegrable systemsLie bialgebrasnonseparable Hilbert spacePoisson-Lie grouprepresentationsthermodynamic limit
Applications of Lie algebras and superalgebras to integrable systems (17B80) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-02) Dynamical aspects of statistical mechanics (37A60) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and other algebraic structures (37K30) Dynamical systems in other branches of physics (quantum mechanics, general relativity, laser physics) (37N20) Quantum groups and related algebraic methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R50) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)
The paper presents a review of the modern theories establishing a relation of classical integrable systems to representations of the Poisson-Lie algebras and the corresponding Lie bialgebras, and a relation of integrable quantum systems to the representations of Hopf algebras. The main object chosen to illustrate these relations is a Heisenberg (spin) chain. At first, a finite chain is considered, and then the thermodynamic limit, i.e., a transition to an infinite chain (which, on the contrary to the finite ones, admits genuine phase transitions and is therefore of principal interest to physical applications) is studied in detail. From the mathematical standpoint, an essential peculiarity of the thermodynamic limit for the classical systems is that the corresponding finite-dimensional phase space goes over into an infinite-dimensional one. Similarly, in the quantum systems, the finite-dimensional Hilbert space of states is replaced by a nonseparable Hilbert space. Special attention is paid to a decomposition of the latter space into a direct integral of the separate spaces. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0836.00051].
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