Some common fixed points for commuting conservative diffeomorphisms of the two-sphere
Let \(f\) be an orientation-preserving plane homeomorphism and \(I=(f_t)_{t\in[0,1]}\) an isotopy connecting \(f\) to the identity. For \(z\in\mathbb{R}^2\) denote by \(\gamma_{I,z}\) the path given by \(t\mapsto f_t(z)\). Choose a neighbourhood \(W\) of infinity such that for each \(z\in W\) the path \(\gamma_{I,z}\) does not meet the origin. Then we define the rotation number \(\text{Tourne}_I:W\to\mathbb{R}\) by \(z\mapsto\int_{\gamma_{I,z}}d\theta\). Similarly, let \(z\not=z'\) and define a path \(\gamma_{t,z,z'}\) by \(t\mapsto f_t(z)-f_t(z')\). Then one defines the linking number \(\text{Enlace}_f:(\mathbb{R}^2\times\mathbb{R}^2)\setminus\Delta\to\mathbb{R}\) by \((z,z')\mapsto\int_{\gamma_{t,z,z'}}d\theta\). Assume that the function \(\text{Enlace}_f\) is bounded on \(\text{Fix}(f)\times\text{Fix}(f)\setminus\Delta\) and that there is a neighbourhood \(W\) of infinity such that \(\text{Tourne}_f\) is constant on \(W\setminus\text{Fix}(f)\). Assume moreover, that there is a finite measure \(\mu\), the support of which is not contained in \(\text{Fix}(f)\). Then there is a non-empty compact subset of \(\text{Fix}(f)\) which is invariant under each plane homeomorphism commuting with \(f\) which leaves \(\mu\) invariant. If, in addition, \(f\) can be extended as a \(C^1\)-diffeomorphism of \(S^2\) then the assertion holds true without the assumption on \(\mu\). If instead of a single \(C^1\)-diffeomorphism we have \(n\) commuting plane \(C^1\)-diffeomorphisms leaving invariant a probability measure then it is shown that these maps must have a common fixed point.
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