Some conservative pendulum equation with forcing term
Consider the pendulum-type equation (*) \(\ddot x+g(x)= e(t) \), where \(g\) is a \(T\)-periodic odd function, and \(e\) is an even \(2\pi\)-periodic function with \(e(t+\pi)=-e(t)\). It is first proved that, if \(e\) and \(g\) are continuous, then (*) has at least one even \(2\pi\)-periodic solution \(x(t)\) satisfying \(x(t+\pi)=-x(t)\). Assuming moreover, that initial value problems for equation (*) have unique solutions, the author proves the following interesting result: Let \(x_1(t)\) and \(x_2(t)\), \(x_1(0)<x_2(0)\), be two even periodic solutions to (*) whose periods are multiples of \(2\pi\). Then equation (*) has infinitely many even periodic solutions \(x(t)\) with \(x_1(0)<x(0) <x_2 (0)\), the period of each one being some multiple of \(2\pi\).
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