Some new rich subspaces of C. Applications

DOI10.1016/J.BULSCI.2004.05.003MaRDI QIDQ707258zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 9 February 2005

Published in Bulletin des Sciences Mathématiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bulsci.2004.05.003

\(\Lambda(p)\)-set Dunford-Pettis property Pełczyński's property \((V)\)rich subspace Riesz set space of uniformly convergent Fourier series

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Lacunary series of trigonometric and other functions; Riesz products (42A55) Special sets (thin sets, Kronecker sets, Helson sets, Ditkin sets, Sidon sets, etc.) (43A46) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) Classical Banach spaces in the general theory (46B25) Banach spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions (46E15)

Review text

Let \(S\) be a compact space and \({\mathcal C}(S)\) be the space of continuous functions on \(S\). A subspace \(X\) of \({\mathcal C}(S)\) is said to be a rich subspace of \({\mathcal C}(S)\) if there exists a probability measure \(\nu\) on \(S\) such that for every \(h\in {\mathcal C}(S)\) and every bounded sequence \((x_n)\) in \(X\) such that \(\| x_n\|_{L^1(\nu)}\to 0\), then \(\text{dist}(hx_n, X)\to 0\). This definition has been coined by \textit{P. Wojtasczyk} in his book ``Banach spaces for analysts (Cambridge Univ. Press) (1996; Zbl 0858.46002)], where it is shown that every rich subspace \(X\) of a space \({\mathcal C}(S)\) has Pełczyński's property \((V)\) and its dual \(X^\ast\) has the Dunford--Pettis property (so \(X\) itself has the Dunford--Pettis property). This notion has its origin in a paper of Bourgain (see the comments below). In the present paper, the author gives new examples of rich subspaces. His first main result is that every subspace of \({\mathcal C}(S)\) with reflexive annihilator is rich. This result depends on Rosenthal's theorem on reflexive subspaces of \(L^1\). In particular, he recovers some results of S. Kislyakov (\(L^1/Y\) has the Dunford--Pettis property for every reflexive subspace \(Y\) of \(L^1\)) and of \textit{G. Godefroy} and \textit{P. Saab} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 303, 503--506 (1986; Zbl 0602.46014)]. That allows him to get that for every \(\Lambda(1)\) subset \(E\) of \({\mathbb N}\), \({\mathcal C}_{{\mathbb N}\setminus E} ({\mathbb T})\) is a rich subspace of \({\mathcal C}({\mathbb T})\) and so has Pełczyński's property \((V)\), and its dual has the Dunford--Pettis property. Moreover, if \(\Lambda\subseteq {\mathbb N}\) is such that \({\mathcal C}_\Lambda ({\mathbb T})\) does not contain \(c_0\), then \({\mathbb Z}^-\cup \Lambda\cup E\) is a Riesz subset of \({\mathbb Z}\). In the second part, the author studies the space \(U\) of uniformly convergent Fourier series. It can be viewed as a subspace of \({\mathcal C}(\widetilde{\mathbb T})\), with \(\widetilde{\mathbb T}={\mathbb T}\times \{0,1,1/2,1/3,\ldots\}\). It is shown that \(U\) and \(U_+=U_{\mathbb N}\) (the subspace of \(U\) whose functions have spectra in \({\mathbb N}\)) are rich subspaces of \({\mathcal C}(\widetilde{\mathbb T})\). This result has already been proved by \textit{S. F. Saccone} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 128, No. 6, 1813--1823 (2000; Zbl 0953.46014)], but the author improves it: for every \(\Lambda(2)\) subset \(E\) of \({\mathbb Z}\), \(U_{E^c}\) is rich, and for every \(\Lambda(2)\) subset \(E\) of \({\mathbb N}\), \(U_{{\mathbb N}\setminus E}\) is rich. Reviewer's comments: The present notion of rich subspace has no connection with the one studied by \textit{V. Kadets, N. Kalton} and \textit{D. Werner} in [Stud. Math. 159, No. 2, 195--206 (2003; Zbl 1055.46006)]. It comes from a paper of \textit{J. Bourgain} [Stud. Math. 77, 245--253 (1984; Zbl 0576.46040)], but the latter worked with weakly null sequences in the bidual \(X^{\ast\ast}\) of \(X\). More precisely, if one defines, for \(h\in {\mathcal C}(S)\), the map \(S_h: X\to {\mathcal S}/X\) by \(S_h(f)= hf +X\), then Bourgain showed that if \(S_h^{\ast\ast}\) sends weakly convergent sequences into norm convergent sequences (i.e., \(S_h^{\ast\ast}\) is a Dunford--Pettis operator) for every \(h\in {\mathcal C}(S)\), then \(X\) and \(X^\ast\) have the Dunford--Pettis property. This leads to several variants. \textit{B. J. Cole} and \textit{T. W. Gamelin} [J. Funct. Anal. 46, 158--220 (1982; Zbl 0569.46034)] introduced the notion of a tight subspace: \(X\) is called a tight subspace if the operators \(S_h\) are all weakly compact. \textit{S. Saccone} showed in [J. Funct. Anal. 148, No. 1, 86--116 (1997; Zbl 0886.46022)] that \(X\) has property \((V)\) when it is tight. The property asked for the \(S_h\)'s in the definition of rich subspaces (called nearly dominated by Saccone, and which may be traced back to \textit{J. Bourgain} [Bull. Soc. Math. Belg., Sér. B 35, 111--118 (1983; Zbl 0521.46016)] is halfway between being \(1\)-summing and being weakly compact and Dunford--Pettis. To conclude these comments, we note that Bourgain's paper also lead \textit{J. A. Cima} and \textit{R. M.Timoney} [Mich. Math. J. 34, 99--104 (1987; Zbl 0617.46058)] to the notion of a Bourgain algebra: the Bourgain algebra of a subspace \(X\) of \({\mathcal C}(S)\) is the set of functions \(h\in {\mathcal C}(S)\) for which \(S_h^{\ast\ast}\) is a Dunford--Pettis operator.

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