Some small-centralizer properties for rings.
commutativity theoremsextremely noncommutative elementsfinite centralizersfinite ringsfiniteness conditionszero divisors
Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) (16D70) Finite rings and finite-dimensional associative algebras (16P10) Center, normalizer (invariant elements) (associative rings and algebras) (16U70) Generalizations of commutativity (associative rings and algebras) (16U80)
The authors study rings \(R\) with certain finiteness conditions on certain centralizers \(C_R(x)\) of elements \(x\in R\setminus Z(R)\), where \(Z(R)\) is the center of \(R\). The main results are the following: Theorem 2.1. If \(R\) is a ring such that \(C_R(x)\) is finite for all \(x\in R\setminus Z(R)\), then \(R\) is either finite or commutative. Let \(D(R)\) denote the set of zero divisors of a ring \(R\). Theorem 2.2. Let \(R\) be a ring such that \(C_R(x)\cap D(R)\) is finite for all \(x\in D(R)\setminus Z(R)\). Then either \(R\) is finite or \(D(R)\subseteq Z(R)\). An element \(x\) of a ring \(R\) is called extremely noncommutative if \(C_R(x)=x\mathbb{Z}[x]\) -- i.e., if \(C_R(x)\) is the subring generated by \(x\). Roughly speaking, an extremely noncommutative element is one which only commutes with the ``obvious elements. Theorem 3.1. If \(R\) is a ring in which all noncentral elements are extremely noncommutative, then \(R\) is either finite or commutative. Theorem 3.3. Let \(R\) be a ring in which every element of \(D(R)\setminus Z(R)\) is extremely noncommutative. Then either \(R\) is finite or \(D(R)\subseteq Z(R)\). Theorem 3.9. Let \(R\) be a finite ring with \(D(R)\nsubseteq Z(R)\) such that each \(d\in D(R)\setminus Z(R)\) is extremely noncommutative. Then either \(R\) is isomorphic to a matrix ring of the form \(\text{GF}(p)e_{11}+\text{GF}(p)e_{12}\) or \(\text{GF}(p)e_{11}+\text{GF}(p)e_{21}\), or \(R\) is nil.
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