Sparse exponential systems: completeness with estimates
Given a real sequence of frequencies \(\Lambda:=\{\dots< \lambda_0<\lambda_1<\dots\}\), the system of exponentials \(E (\Lambda):=\{e^{i\lambda t}:\lambda\in\Lambda\}\) is considered. The system \(E(\Lambda)\) is called a frame in \(L^2(S)\), where \(S\subset \mathbb{R}\) is a bounded set of positive measure, if the two-sided estimate \[ c\|\{F(\Lambda)\}\|_{\ell^2} \leq\|F\|_{L^2(\mathbb{R})}\leq C\|\{F(\Lambda) \}\|_{\ell^2} \] holds with positive constants not depending on \(F\), where \(F\) is an entire function of exponential type, \(F\in L^2(\mathbb{R})\), with Fourier transform supported on \(S\). By virtue of the results of A. Beurling (1989) and H. Landau (1967), in this case \(\Lambda\) must satisfy a strong density condition: \[ D^-(\Lambda)\geq m(S)/2\pi, \] where \(m(S)\) is the Lebesgue measure of \(S\); and \[ D^-(\Lambda):= \lim_{r\to\infty} n(r)/r \] is the ``lower Beurling measure, where \(n(r)\) is the minimal number of \(\lambda\)'s belonging to a segment of the length \(r\). The present authors replace the frame concept by a weaker condition and prove that if \(S\) is a finite union of segments, then the above result still holds. However, for ``generic \(S\) (understood in the Baire category sense), very sparse sequences \(\Lambda\) are also admitted.
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