Quantitative logic (Q1007841)

In this paper, the authors introduce the so-called ``quantitative logic'', which is based on a many-valued propositional logic system. The crucial concept in the proposed logical system is the concept of the degree of truth of formulas. The basic idea is to measure the extent to which a given formula \(A\) is true by considering the proportion of valuations making \(A\) true in the whole set of valuations. In this article, one can find the mathematical formula of this degree from the probabilistic point of view. Using this idea, the authors discuss such notions as the degree of similarity between formulas, the pseudo-metric on the set of all formulas, the degree of divergence, and the degree of consistency of general theories. Some basic properties of the presented concepts are investigated in the text. The concept of ``quantitative logic'' is compared, at the beginning of the article, with the concept of ``probability logic'', introduced by \textit{E. W. Adams} [A primer of probability logic. CSLI Lecture Notes. 68. Stanford, CA: CSLI, Center for the Study of Language and Information (1998; Zbl 0910.68202)]. At the end of the article some open problems are stated.