A class of equations with operators having concavity properties (Q1084653)

Let E be a real Banach space which is ordered by a cone K, denote the ordering by \(\leq\), and fix an element \(u_ 0\in K\). Call \(K(u_ 0):=\{\phi \in K|\alpha u_ 0\leq \phi \leq \beta u_ 0\) for some \(\alpha,\beta >0\}\). Call an operator \(\Gamma: E\to E\) heterotone on \(P\subset E\) if there exists an operator \({\hat\Gamma}: E\times E\to E\) with \({\hat\Gamma}(u,u) = \Gamma u\) for \(u\in P\) where \(\Gamma(\circ,\psi)\) is monotonically increasing on P and \(\Gamma(\phi,\circ)\) is monotonically decreasing for \(\phi,\psi\in P\). \(\Gamma\) is said to be \(u_ 0\)-pseudo-concave on \(M\subset K\setminus \{0\}\) if \({\hat \Gamma}(M\times M)\subset K(u_ 0)\) and if for \(\phi,\psi\in M\) and \(t\in (0,1)\) there is an \(\eta >0\) with \({\hat\Gamma}(t\phi,(1/t)\psi) \geq (1+\eta)t{\hat\Gamma}(\phi,\psi)\). \(\Gamma\) is said to be of \(u_ 0\)-concave type on \(N\subset K\setminus \{0\}\) if \({\hat\Gamma}(N\times N) \subset K(u_ 0)\) and if for \(\phi,\psi\in N\) and \(t\in (0,1)\) there is an \(\eta >0\) with \((1+\eta)t{\hat \Gamma}((1/t)\psi,t\phi)\leq {\hat \Gamma}(\psi,\phi)\). A typical result states that under these assumptions we must have \(M=N\) if M and N are invariant under multiplication by positive reals.