Symmetry-breaking for positive solutions of semilinear elliptic equations (Q1093812)

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Symmetry-breaking for positive solutions of semilinear elliptic equations
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    Symmetry-breaking for positive solutions of semilinear elliptic equations (English)
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    1986
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    Consider the Dirichlet problem \[ (*)\quad \Delta u(x)+f(u(x))=0,\quad x\in B_ R;\quad u(x)=0,\quad x\in \partial B_ R \] where \(f\in C^ 1\) and \(B_ R\subset {\mathbb{R}}^ n\) denotes the open ball of radius \(R>0\). From the results of Gidas, Ni and Nirenberg all positive solutions u of (*) are radial functions such that \(u_ r(r)<0\), \(0<r<R\) and consequently they solve the problem \[ u_{rr}+((n-1)/r)u_ r+f(u)=0,\quad 0<r<R;\quad u_ r(0)=u(R)=0. \] So it is natural to think of solutions of (*) as symmetric functions. In the paper a few results providing necessary and also sufficient conditions for symmetry breaking and infinitesimal symmetry breaking are given. A bifurcation Theorem of Vanderbauwhede which extends an earlier result of Crandall and Rabinowitz is used.
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    semilinear
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    Dirichlet problem
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    positive solutions
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    radial functions
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    symmetry breaking
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    bifurcation
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