Direct construct of periodic solutions to perturbed Klein-Gordon equations by Newton iteration (Q1586098)

This paper concerns the perturbed Klein-Gordon equation \[ u_{tt}- u_{xx}+ au- u^3+ f(x,u)= 0 \] with periodic boundary conditions \(u(t,x)= u(t,x+ 2\pi)= u(t+{2\pi\over \Omega}, x)\). The period \(2\pi\) of the space variable \(x\in\mathbb{R}\) is fixed, and \(\Omega\) is the frequency of the time variable. The nonlinearity \(f\) is supposed to be analytic and \(2\pi\)-periodic with respect to \(x\). Further, it is assumed that there exist positive \(d\) and \(\gamma\) such that \(|ka-j|> dk^{-\gamma}\) for all \(j,k\in\mathbb{N}\). The author proves that for all \(j_0\in \mathbb{Z}\) there exist \(r>0\) and a Cantor subset \(C\) of the interval \((\omega_{j_0}- r,\omega_{j_0}]\), which has full density of \(\omega_{j_0}\), such that for any \(\Omega\in C\) there exists a solution \(u(t,x)\) with \[ |u(t,x)- \varepsilon(\Omega)\cos\Omega t\cos j_0 x|\leq \text{const }\varepsilon(\Omega)^2\text{ for all }t\text{ and }x. \] Here \(\omega_j:= \sqrt{j^2+a}\) and \(\varepsilon(\Omega):= {4\over 3} \sqrt{2\omega_{j_0}(\omega_{j_0}- \Omega)}\). For the proof, the author uses a so-called block estimate technique and the Newton iteration method, and he compares carefully his results and methods with those of \textit{W. Craig} and \textit{C. E. Wayne} [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 46, No. 11, 1409-1498 (1993; Zbl 0794.35104)] and of \textit{J. Bourgain} [Geom. Funct. Anal. 6, No. 2, 201-203 (1996; Zbl 0872.35007)], who used the Newton iterations not directly, like Y. Shi, but after a Lyapunov-Schmidt decomposition.