Nested Artin strong approximation property (Q1678271)

The authors give several results concerning the Artin Approximation Property with constraints. The situation is the following: Let \(f\) be a vector of polynomials with formal power series coefficients : \(f\in\mathbb C[[x]][y]^q\), \(x=(x_1,\ldots, x_n)\), \(y=(y_1,\ldots, y_p)\). Assume given \(J_i\) a subset of \(\{1,\ldots, n\}\) for every \(i\in\{1,\ldots, p\}\). When does there exist a solution \(y(x)\in\mathbb C[[x]]^p\): \[ f(x,y(x))=0 \] with \(y_i(x)\in\mathbb C[[x_j, j\in J_i]]\) for every \(i\) (these last conditions are called the constraints conditions)? When \(J_i=\{1,\ldots,n\}\) for every \(i\), M. Artin proved several results insuring the existence of such solutions:\newline (1) When \(f\in\mathbb C\{x\}[y]^q\) (here \(\mathbb C\{x\}\) denotes the ring of convergent power series), the existence of formal power series solutions assures the existence of convergent power series solutions [\textit{M. Artin}, Invent. Math. 5, 277--291 (1968; Zbl 0172.05301)].\newline (2) He also proved that this statement remains true when we replace \(\mathbb C\{x\}\) by the ring of algebraic power series denoted by \(\mathbb C\langle x\rangle\) [\textit{M. Artin}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 36, 23--58 (1969; Zbl 0181.48802)].\newline (3) In general, there is a function \(\beta:\mathbb N\longrightarrow \mathbb N\), such that for every \(c\in\mathbb N\) et every approximate solution \(y'(x)\in\mathbb C[x]^q\) with \(f(x,y'(x))\in (x)^{\beta(c)}\), there is a solution \(y(x)\in\mathbb C[[x]]^p\): \[ f(x,y(x))=0 \] whose monomials of degree \(\leq c\) agree with those of \(y'(x)\). [loc. cit.] When the \(J_i\) are nested, i.e. \(J_1\subset J_2\subset\ldots\subset J_p\), the analogues of these three results are not true in general. It has been proven in [\textit{A. M. Gabrielov}, Funct. Anal. Appl. 5, 318--319 (1972; Zbl 0254.32009); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 5, No. 4, 64--65 (1971)] that the answer to the analogue of the first result is no longer true for the ring of convergent power series rings. The analogue of the second result has been proven in [\textit{D. Popescu}, Nagoya Math. J. 104, 85--115 (1986; Zbl 0592.14014)]. And the analogue of the last one has been proved in [\textit{J. Becker} et al., Invent. Math. 51, 189--203 (1979; Zbl 0416.13004)] for the second one when \(\mathbb C\{x\}\) is replaced by \(\mathbb C\langle x\rangle\). In the general case (i.e. for general sets \(J_i\)) the answer to all these questions is always negative (see [loc. cit.] or [\textit{G. Rond}, J. Singul. 17, 108--192 (2018; Zbl 1396.13001)] for example). In the paper under review, the authors prove mainly two results concerning these questions.\newline The first result shows, in the case of a field extension \(K\longrightarrow K'\) of an algebraically closed field \(K\), the existence of a solution \(y(x)\in K'\langle x\rangle^q\) with \(y_i(x)\in K'[[x_j, j\in J_i]]\) for every \(i\) assures the existence of a solution in \(K\langle x\rangle^q\) with the same constraints conditions.\newline Finally they also prove the following result: Theorem. Let \(K\) be a field, \(A=K\langle x\rangle\), \(f\in K\langle x\rangle[y]^q\), and \(0\leq s_1\leq \ldots \leq s_q\leq n\) be some non-negative integers. Then there exists a map \(\nu:\mathbb{N}^q\to \mathbb{N} \) such that if \(y'=(y'_1,\ldots,y'_q)\), \(y'_i\in K[x_1,\ldots,x_{s_i}]\), \(i\in \{1,\ldots, q\}\) satisfies \(f(y')\equiv 0\) modulo \((x)^{\nu(c)}\) for some \(c=(c_1,\ldots,c_q)\in \mathbb{N}^q\) and \(\text{ord} y'_i=c_i\), \(i\in \{1,\ldots, q\}\) then there exists \(y_i\in K\langle x_1,\ldots,x_{s_i}\rangle\) for all \( i\in \{1,\ldots, q\}\) such that \(y=(y_1,\ldots,y_q)\) is a solution of \(f\) in \(A\) and \(\text{ord} y_i=c_i\) for all \(i\in \{1,\ldots, q\}\).