Finiteness and paradoxical decompositions in \(C^\ast\)-dynamical systems (Q2013502)

The main results obtained are as follows. (Theorem 4.9). Let \(A\) be a stably finite, unital \(C^*\)-algebra, with Riesz refinement of the positive cone \(K_0(A)^+\) of the \(K\)-theory group \(K_0(A)\) of \(A\). Let \(\alpha\) be a minimal action of a (countable) discrete group \(\Gamma\) on \(A\) by automorphisms. Then the following implications hold: (1) to (2) to (3) to (4) to (5), and (2) to (1), among the following statements: (1) There is a \(\Gamma\)-invariant faithful tracial state on \(A\). (2) The reduced crossed product (RCP) of \(A\) by \(\Gamma\) has a faithful tracial state. (3) The RCP is stably finite. (4) The action \(\alpha\) is completely non-paradoxical. (5) There is a faithful \(\Gamma\)-invariant state on the \(K_0\)-group of \(A\). If \(A\) is exact and projections of \(A\) are total, then (5) is equivalent to (1). If \(A\) is an AF algebra and \(\Gamma\) is a free group, then all the statements (1), (2), \(\dots\), (5) are equivalent to that the RCP is MF in the sense of \textit{B. Blackadar} and \textit{E. Kirchberg} [Math. Ann. 307, No. 3, 343--380 (1997; Zbl 0874.46036)]. (Theorem 5.6). Let \(A\) be a unital, separable, exact \(C^*\)-algebra, with projections total. Suppose that \(A\) has cancellation and its \(K_0(A)^+\) has the Riesz refinement. Let \(\alpha\) be a minimal and properly outer action of \(\Gamma\) on \(A\) by automorphisms. Then the following implications hold: (1) to (2) to (3) to (4) to (5), and (2) to (1), among the following statements: (1) The semigroup \(K_0(A)^+/\alpha\) of \(K_0(A)^+\) by \(\alpha\) is purely infinite. (2) Every non-zero element of \(K_0(A)^+\) is paradoxical in some sense. (3) The RCP of \(A\) by \(\Gamma\) is purely infinite. (4) The RCP has no tracial state. (5) The semigroup \(K_0(A)^+/\alpha\) has no non-trivial state. If the semigroup (as the orbit space of \(K_0(A)^+\) by \(\alpha\)) is almost unperforated, then (5) to (1) holds, so that all the statements (1), (2), \(\dots\), (5) are equivalent. As a corollary (Theorem 5.7) of Theorems 4.9 and 5.6, assume all the conditions on \(A\), \(K_0(A)^+\), and \(\alpha\) as in Theorem 5.6. Then the RCP is a simple \(C^*\)-algebra, either stably finite or purely infinite. In particular, AF algebras satisfy all the stated conditions. (Proposition 3.4). An MF action of a discrete group on a unital AF algebra is completely non-paradoxical. (Proposition 3.5). If the RCP of \(A\) by an action \(\alpha\) of \( \Gamma\) is stably finite, then the induced action of \(\Gamma\) on \(K_0(A)^+\) is completely non-paradoxical. (Note that such an action is paradoxical in the sense that there is an element of the positive cone for which there is some order relation such that such an order is reversed under the induced action. Otherwise, it is said to be completely non-paradoxical.)