Two \(n\times n\) G-classes of matrices having finite intersection (Q2105349)

A nonsingular matrix \(A\) of size \(n\times n \) and real entries is said to be a \(G\)-matrix if there exist nonsingular diagonal matrices \(D_{1}, D_{2}\) such that \(A^{-T}= D_{1} A D_{2}\). \(G\)-matrices have been introduced in [\textit{M. Fiedler} and \textit{F. J. Hall}, Linear Algebra Appl. 436, No. 3, 731--741 (2012; Zbl 1237.15024)]. Therein it is proved that if \(A\) is a \(G\)-matrix, then \(D_{1}\) and \(D_{2}\) have the same inertia matrix. Orthogonal, \(J\)-orthogonal and nonsingular Cauchy matrices are illustrative examples of \(G\)-matrices. If one fixes two \(n\times n \) nonsingular diagonal matrices \(D_{1}, D_{2}\), then one can consider the class \(\mathbf{G}(D_{1}, D_{2})\) of \(G\)-matrices associated with \(D_{1}, D_{2}\). The authors prove that when \(n\geq3\) there exist two classes \(\mathbf{G}(D_{1}, D_{2})\) and \(\mathbf{G}(D_{3}, D_{4})\) of \(G\)-matrices having finite and non empty intersection. Indeed, if \(D_{1}= \operatorname{diag} (1, 1/2, 1/3, \dots, 1/n), D_{2}=\operatorname{diag}(1, 2, 3, \dots, n)\), \(D_{3}=(1/3, 1/4, 1/5, \dots, 1/(n+2)), D_{4}=\operatorname{diag}(3, 4, 5, \dots, n+2)\), then the set \(\mathbf{G}(D_{1}, D_{2})\cap \mathbf{G}(D_{3}, D_{4})\) consists of matrices \(A\) such that \(A=\operatorname{diag}(\pm1)\), i.e., its cardinal is \(2^{n}\). This is a constructive approach. Notice that in the case \(n=2\) an example concerning the existence of such two \(G\)-classes having finite and nonempty intersection has been given in [\textit{S. M. Motlaghian} et al., Oper. Matrices 16, No. 1, 251--263 (2022; Zbl 1490.15041)].