Mass, Kähler manifolds, and symplectic geometry (Q2423302)

A Riemannian \(n\)-manifold \((M,g)\) is said to be asymptotically locally Euclidean (or ALE) if the complement of a compact set \(\mathbf{K}\) consists of finitely many components, each of which is diffeomorphic to a quotient \((\mathbb{R}^n-\mathbf{D}^n)/\Gamma_i\), where \(\Gamma_i\subset {\mathbf O}(n)\) is a finite subgroup that acts freely on the unit sphere, in such a way that \(g\) becomes the Euclidean metric plus error terms that fall off sufficiently rapidly at infinity. The components of \(M-\mathbf{K}\) are called the ends of \(M\). The mass of an ALE manifold is an invariant which assigns a real number to each end and is given by \(m(M, g) := \lim_{\varrho\to \infty} \frac{\mathbf{\mathrm{\Gamma}} (\frac{n}{2})}{4(n-1)\pi^{n/2}} \int_{S_\varrho/\Gamma_j} \left[ g_{k\ell, k} -g_{kk,\ell}\right] \mathbf{n}^\ell d\mathfrak{a}_E\) where commas represent derivatives in the given asymptotic coordinates, \(S_\varrho\) is the Euclidean coordinate sphere of radius \(\varrho\), \(d\mathfrak{a}_E\) is the \((n-1)\)-dimensional volume form induced on this sphere by the Euclidean metric, and \(\vec{\mathbf{n}}\) is the outward-pointing Euclidean unit normal vector. In the author's previous joint work with \textit{H.-J. Hein} [Commun. Math. Phys. 347, No. 1, 183--221 (2016; Zbl 1352.53060)], a mass formula for asymptotically locally Euclidean Kähler manifolds was proved, assuming only relatively weak fall-off conditions on the metric. However, the case of real dimension 4 presented technical difficulties that led the authors to require fall-off conditions in this special dimension that are stronger than the Chruściel fall-off conditions that sufficed in higher dimensions. The present article, however, shows that techniques of \(4\)-dimensional symplectic geometry can be used to obtain all the major results of the previous paper, assuming only Chruściel-type fall-off. In particular, the present article presents a new a proof of a Penrose-type inequality of the authors for the mass of an asymptotically Euclidean Kähler manifold that only requires Chruściel metric fall-off.