Unital affine semigroups (Q2435470)

A convex set \(K\) together with an associative binary operation with the property that for any \(y\in K\) the left multiplication operator \(L_y(x)=yx\) and the right multiplication operator \(R_y(x)=xy\) are both affine maps from \(K\) to \(K\) is called an affine group; a convex subset \(K\) of a real or complex vector space \(V\) is said to be linearly bounded if for all \(u,v\in K\) with \(v\neq0\), the set \(\{t\in\mathbb R:u+tv\in K\}\) is a bounded interval. It has been shown that for a linearly bounded affine semigroup \(K\), all invertible elements of \(K\) are extreme points of \(K\); with \(X\) a normed linear space, a characterization theorem for any bounded affine semigroup \(\mathcal B(X)\) has been enunciated and proved; it has further been shown that if \(X\) be a strictly convex normed space, any isometry in \(\mathcal B(X)\) is an extreme point of the closed unit ball of \(\mathcal B(X)\). An absorbing element in a semigroup \(S\) has been defined and it has been shown that if \(V\) be a locally convex TVS and \(S\subseteq V\) is a compact abelian affine semigroup, then \(S\) has an absorbing element. For a finite dimensional Hilbert space \(H\), with \(0_{\mathcal M}\) and \(1_{\mathcal M}\) as the absorbing element and identity element for some compact affine semigroup \(\mathcal M\subset\mathcal B(H)\), it has been shown that \(H\) can be written as a direct sum as follows : \(H=H_1\oplus H_2\oplus H_3\) where \(H_1\subset\text{range }(0_{\mathcal M})\), \(H_2\subset\text{range }(1_{\mathcal M})\bigcap\text{null }(0_{\mathcal M})\) and \(H_3\subset\text{null }(1_{\mathcal M})\). Given an affine semigroup \(M\), the set of fixed points of \(M\) is the set \(\{x\in H:Ax=x,\text{ for all }A\in M\}\); this set is clearly a subspace that is invariant for \(M\) and is called the fixed point subspace and is denoted by \(S_1\). With \(\mathcal K=\{K_i\}_{i\in I}\), \(K_i\subset H\) a collection of convex subsets of a Hilbert space \(H\), \(M_{\mathcal K}\) -- the affine semigroup such that \(AK_i\subset K_i\) for all \(A\in M_{\mathcal K}\), it has been shown that if \(M_{\mathcal K}\) has an absorbing element \(0_M\), the following conditions hold: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \(S_1\cap K_i\) is nonempty for all \(K_i\in\mathcal K\);\item[(2)] for any \(K_i\in\mathcal K\), \(K_i\subset(S_1\cap K_i)+\text{null }(0_M)\). \end{itemize}} With \(\mathcal K\) and \(M_{\mathcal K}\) as above, it has further been shown that if there exist complementary invariant subspaces \(S_1\) and \(S_2\) such that \(Ax=x\) for all \(x\in S_1\) and such that (1) \(S_1\cap K_i\) is nonempty for all \(K_i\in\mathcal K\) and (2) for any \(K_i\in\mathcal K\), \(K_i\subset(S_1\cap K_i)+S_2\), then \(M_{\mathcal K}\) will have an absorbing element \(A\).