An arithmetic Bernštein-Kušnirenko inequality (Q2633105)

Let \(\mathbb{K}\) be a field and \(M \simeq \mathbb{Z}^n\) a lattice. The classical Bernštein-Kušnirenko Theorem, also known as the BKK Theorem, states that given a system of Laurent polynomials \(f_1, \dotsc, f_n \in \mathbb{K}[M]\), the number of isolated solutions in the torus \(\mathbb{T}_M = \operatorname{Spec}\left(\mathbb{K}[M]\right)\) is bounded by the mixed volume \(\operatorname{MV}\left(\Delta_1, \dotsc, \Delta_n \right)\) of the corresponding Newton polytopes \(\Delta_i \subseteq M_{\mathbb{R}}\). The goal of this article is to show an arithmetic analogue of the BKK Theorem. Assume that \(\mathbb{K}\) is an adelic field satisfying the product formula and write \(Z = Z\left(f_1, \dotsc, f_n\right)\) for the \(0\)-cycle on \(\mathbb{T}_M\) given by the isolated solutions of the system of equations \[f_1 = \dotsc = f_n. \] Let \(X\) be a toric compactification of \(\mathbb{T}_M\) and \(\overline{D_0} = \left(D_0, \| \cdot \| \right)\) a metrized nef toric divisor on \(X\). This data induces the notion of a height \(h_{\overline{D_0}}\) of a \(0\)-cycle on \(X\), which is a non-negative real number. The main result of this article is an upperbound for \(h_{\overline{D_0}}(Z)\) in terms of mixed integrals of the concave local roof functions associated to the metrized divisor and to the \(f_i\)'s. The authors also describe some families of examples in which their bound is close to optimal. Their proof is based on the arithmetic intersection theory on toric varieties developed in [\textit{J. I. Burgos Gil} et al., Arithmetic geometry of toric varieties. Metrics, measures and heights. Paris: Société Mathématique de France (SMF) (2014; Zbl 1311.14050)]. Other attempts towards an arithmetic BKK Theorem have already been proposed by \textit{V. Maillot} [Mém. Soc. Math. Fr., Nouv. Sér. 80, 129 p. (2000; Zbl 0963.14009)] and by the second author in [J. Reine Angew. Math. 586, 207--233 (2005; Zbl 1080.14060)]. The result of this article improves these previously known upperbounds and generalizes them to any adelic filed satisfying the product formula and to height functions associated to arbitrary metrized nef toric divisors. As a side result of their method of proof, the authors introduce a well-defined notion of global height for cycles with respect to metrized line bundles which are generated by small sections. Finally, as an application of the main result, an upperbound for the size of the coefficients of the \(u\)-resultant of the direct image of the solution set of a systen of Laurent polynomial equations under a monomial map is given.