A note on maximal non-Manis extensions (Q2689451)

For a commutative ring with identity \(S\) and a totally ordered additive abelian group \(\Gamma\), a \textit{valuation} \(v:S\to\Gamma\cup\{\infty\}\) is a map satisfying \(v(1)=0\), \(v(0)=\infty\) and, for all \(x,y\in S\), \(v(xy)=v(x)+v(y)\) and \(v(x+y)\ge\min\{v(x),v(y)\}\). Here, \(\infty\notin\Gamma\) is a quantity with \(g+\infty=\infty+g=\infty+\infty=\infty>g\) for every \(g\in\Gamma\). The \textit{valuation subring} of \(v\) is \(R=\{x\in S\mid v(x)\ge0\}\). \(v\) is called a \textit{Manis valuation} if \(v(S)\setminus\{\infty\}\) is a subgroup of \(\Gamma\). A \textit{Manis extension} is a ring extension \(R\subseteq S\) such that \(R\) is the valuation subring of some Manis valuation \(v:S\to\Gamma\cup\{\infty\}\), for a suitable \(\Gamma\). This is equivalent to \(R[X]\subseteq S[X]\) being a Manis extension, by Prop.\ 2.8 of the paper. If \(R(X)\) denotes the localization of \(R[X]\) with respect to the multiplicative subset consisting of the polynomials \(f\) with unit content ideal (i.e., the coefficients of \(f\) generate the ideal \(R\)), and \(S(X)\) is the equivalent for \(S\), then if \(R(X)\subseteq S(X)\) is Manis, so is \(R\subseteq S\). This is Prop.\ 2.10. A ring extension \(R\subseteq S\) is \textit{maximal non-Manis} if it is not Manis and, for every intermediate ring \(R\subsetneq R'\subsetneq S\), the extension \(R'\subseteq S\) \textit{is} Manis. The authors show (Th.\ 2.11) that if \(R\) is integrally closed in \(S\) and at least one maximal ideal \(\mathfrak{m}\) of \(R\) survives in \(S\), that is, \(\mathfrak{m}S\ne S\), then \(R\subseteq S\) is maximal non-Manis iff \(R[X]\subseteq S[X]\) is. And (Th.\ 2.12), under the same conditions, if the extension \(R\subseteq S\) is maximal non-Manis, so is \(R(X)\subseteq S(X)\). It is also shown that, under certain conditions, an extension that is the pullback of some ring extension along a surjective ring homomorphism is maximal non-Manis iff the pulled-back extension is. This is Th.\ 2.7. Prop.\ 2.2 states that when \(R\subseteq S\) is maximal non-Manis, \(R\) is integrally closed in \(S\), and for every maximal ideal \(\mathfrak{m}\) of \(R\) there is an \(x\in S\setminus R\) with \(\{a\in R\mid ax\in R\}\nsubseteq\mathfrak{m}\), the extension \(R\subseteq S\) is \textit{Prüfer}. That is, for every prime ideal \(\mathfrak{p}\) of \(R\) there is a Manis valuation \(v\) on \(S_\mathfrak{p}\) having valuation subring \(R_\mathfrak{p}\) and \textit{center} \(\{x\in S_\mathfrak{p}\mid v(x)>0\}=\mathfrak{p}R_\mathfrak{p}\). (For brevity, a definition of Prüfer extensions is used here that differs from the one in the article. The two are equivalent by Prop.\ I.2.10 of \textit{M. Knebusch} and \textit{D. Zhang} [Manis valuations and Prüfer extensions. I: A new chapter in commutative algebra. Berlin: Springer (2002; Zbl 1033.13001)]). The authors include examples of ring extensions that are both maximal non-Manis and Prüfer, and of Prüfer extensions that are not maximal non-Manis.