Periodic orbits of radially symmetric Keplerian-like systems with a singularity (Q294891)

The authors deal with a radially symmetric system of the type \[ x''+f(t,|x|)\,\frac{x}{|x|}=0\,, \] where \(x(t)\in\mathbb R^2\setminus\{0\}\). The function \(f:\mathbb R\times (0,+\infty)\to\mathbb R\) is continuous, and \(T\)-periodic in its first variable. They assume that the origin is a repulsive singularity, and that the behaviour at \(+\infty\) is of the type \[ \psi(t)\leq\liminf_{\rho\to+\infty}\frac{f(t,\rho)}{\rho}\leq\limsup_{\rho\to+\infty}\frac{f(t,\rho)}{\rho}\leq\Psi(t), \] where \(\psi,\Psi:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\) are continuous, \(T\)-periodic, and such that \[ \overline\psi>0,\qquad \underline\lambda_1(\Psi)>0. \] Here, \(\overline\psi=\frac{1}{T}\int_0^T\psi(t)\,dt\) is the mean value of \(\psi\), while \(\underline\lambda_1(\Psi)\) is the first \(2T\)-periodic eigenvalue of \[ \rho''+(\lambda+\Psi(t))\rho=0. \] Under these assumptions, they claim that their system has two families of subharmonic solutions, one with small and the other one with large angular momentum. However, I am afraid that there could be a problem in proving the existence of large angular momentum solutions under these weak assumptions. (Notice that in the quoted papers of the reviewer with R. Toader and A.J. Ureña, a sublinear growth assumption was needed to find those solutions. Here, in the case when \(\Psi\) is constant, the assumption of the authors is that \(\Psi<(\pi/T)^2\), which is the asymptote of the first curve in the Fučik spectrum.) There is indeed a problem in the proof of the last line in equation (93). This leads to (94) which, even if it were right, could have the problem that the quantity in the parentheses needs not necessarily to be positive. On the other hand, the result for the small angular momentum solutions seems correct.