Linearization of Poisson Lie group structures (Q308008)

If a Poisson vector field on a manifold vanishes at a point \(x\), its first jet defines a linear Poisson structure on the tangent space at \(x\) (equivalently, a Lie algebra structure on the cotangent space). The linearization question is whether, nearby \(x\), the given Poisson structure is isomorphic to the one on the tangent space by a germ of diffeomorphism whose first jet at \(x\) is the identity. For any Poisson Lie group, the unit element is a zero of the Poisson structure, hence the linearization question makes sense there. Recall that the infinitesimal counterpart of a Poisson Lie group \(G\), is a Lie bialgebra structure on the pair \((\mathfrak{g},\mathfrak{g^*})\), which in turn gives rise to a Poisson Lie group structure on the simply connected Lie group \(G^*\) integrating \(\mathfrak{g^*}\). The first main result of the paper is the following: If \((\mathfrak{g},\mathfrak{g^*})\) is a coboundary Lie bialgebra, then -- while \(G\) might not be linearizable at its unit -- the Poisson Lie group \(G^*\) is always linearizable at its unit. This extends previous results of \textit{B. Enriquez} et al. [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2005, No. 36, 2183--2198 (2005; Zbl 1092.53057)]. The linearizing diffeomorphism is constructed in two steps. First, out of the coboundary Lie bialgebra, a map \(\mathfrak{g^*}\to G^*\) is constructed which is viewed as a ``modified exponential map''. While this map sends symplectic leaves to symplectic leaves, it does not match the Poisson structures in general. Then a map \(\mathcal{A}(\phi)^{-1}: \mathfrak{g^*}\to \mathfrak{g^*}\) is constructed, mapping each coadjoint orbit to itself, and the composition delivers the linearizing diffeomorphism. The map \(\mathcal{A}(\phi)^{-1}\) arises as an application of a general discussion in Section 2 about the Moser method for Poisson manifolds and its interpretation in terms of bisections of symplectic groupoids. With similar techniques, it is shown that given a morphism of coboundary Lie bialgebras, the linearizing maps can be chosen to intertwine the Poisson morphisms \(G_2^*\to G_1^*\) and \(\mathfrak{g_2^*}\to \mathfrak{g_1^*}\) . An analogeous statement is shown for the multiplication map on \(G^*\) and the addition map on \( \mathfrak{g}^*\).