Optimal Liouville-type theorems for noncooperative elliptic Schrödinger systems and applications (Q411363)

The paper is concerned with elliptic systems of the form \[ -\Delta U = \nabla f (U) \text{ on } \mathbb{R}^n,\quad U:\mathbb{R}^n\to (\mathbb{R}_+)^m, \tag{1} \] where \(f\in C^1(\mathbb{R}^m,\mathbb{R})\). An important example is the system \[ -\Delta u_i+\lambda_i u_i = \sum^m_{j=1} \beta_{ij} u_i^q u_j^{q+1}, i=1,\dots m, \tag{2} \] with \(\lambda_i\geq 0\) and \((\beta_{i,j})_{i,j}\) a symmetric \((m\times m)\)-matrix. The authors prove first a Liouville type result, which contains conditions on \(f\) such that (1) has no non-negative solutions. In the special case of (2) this implies non-existence of non-negative solutions if \(\lambda_1=\ldots=\lambda_m=0\), \(2q+1\leq (n+2)/(n-2)_+\) for \(n\leq 4\), \(2q+1\leq(n-1)/(n-3)\) for \(n\geq5\), and if \((\beta_{i,j})\) satisfies a certain positivity condition depending on \(q\). Using the Liouville theorem the authors obtain singularity and decay estimates as well as a-priori bounds for solutions of (1) and (2). The systems considered in the paper are non-cooperative, hence maximum principle arguments like the moving plan method do not apply. The authors combine Rellich-Pohozaev type identities, Sobolev and interpolation inequalities on \(S^{n-1}\), and feedback and measure arguments.