Eulerian polynomials and B-splines (Q432811)

The author considers exponential splines \(\phi_n (x;z)\) of degree \(n\) to the base \(z\), defined by \[ \phi_n(x;z) := \sum_{j\in \mathbb Z} z^j\,B_{n+1} (x - j), \] where \(B_n\) denotes the cardinal B-spline of order \(n\). These exponential splines can be presented and evaluated using exponential Euler polynomials, which relate to some well-known combinatorial generating functions. Equivalences between Eulerian polynomials and Euler-Frobenius polynomials, Eulerian numbers and B-spline values, Eulerian fractions and Euler-Frobenius fractions are shown. Furthermore, applications to spline image interpolation and wavelet analysis are discussed, and the recursive evaluation of the Riemann zeta function at odd integers in terms of exponential Eulerian polynomials is presented.