Geometric construction of highest weight crystals for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras (Q453310)

Let \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\) be the quantized enveloping algebra associated with a Kac-Moody algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\). In [Duke Math. J. 63, No. 2, 465--516 (1991; Zbl 0739.17005)], \textit{M. Kashiwara} introduced the crystal bases of the negative part \(U_q^-(\mathfrak{g})\) and integrable highest weight \(U_q(\mathfrak{g})\)-modules \(V(\lambda)\), which we denote by \(B(\infty)\) and \(B(\lambda)\) respectively. Crystal bases have much combinatorial information on \(U_q^-(\mathfrak{g})\) and \(V(\lambda)\), and are powerful tools for studying them. In [Duke Math. J. 89, No. 1, 9--36 (1997; Zbl 0901.17006)], \textit{M. Kashiwara} and \textit{Y. Saito} gave a geometric construction of \(B(\infty)\): the crystal \(B(\infty)\) can be identified with the set of irreducible components of Lusztig's nilpotent quiver varieties. This work was generalized in [\textit{Y. Saito}, Math. Ann. 324, No. 4, 675--688 (1997; Zbl 1041.17018)] to a geometric construction of \(B(\lambda)\) using Nakajima's quiver varieties. For a generalized Kac-Moody algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\), the crystal basis theory was developed in [\textit{H. Jeong}, \textit{S.-J. Kang} and \textit{M. Kashiwara}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., III. Ser. 90, No. 2, 395--438 (2005; Zbl 1085.17009)], and it was proved that there exist unique crystal bases \(B(\infty)\) and \(B(\lambda)\) of \(U_q^-(\mathfrak{g})\) and \(V(\lambda)\), respectively. In [Adv. Math. J. 222, No. 3, 996--1015 (2009; Zbl 1234.17009)], the authors gave a geometric construction of \(B(\infty)\) for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras in terms of Lusztig's quiver varieties, associated this time with quivers which may have loop edges. In the article under review, the authors give a geometric construction of highest weight crystals \(B(\lambda)\) for quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras using certain Lagrangian subvarieties of Nakajima's quiver varieties. They define an action of Kashiwara operators on the set \(\mathcal{B}^\lambda\) of irreducible components of these Lagrangian subvarieties, and prove that \(\mathcal{B}^\lambda\) is isomorphic to \(B(\lambda)\) by showing that \(\mathcal{B}^{\lambda}\) satisfies all the properties characterizing \(B(\lambda)\).