Factorizations of kernels and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (Q521900)

Let \(\Lambda\) be a set and let \(\mathcal{E}\) be a Hilbert space. A function \(K:\Lambda\times\Lambda \to \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{E}\)) is said to be a kernel if, for all finite sequences \(\{x_j\}\subseteq \Lambda\) and \(\{\eta_j\}\subseteq \mathcal{E}\), we have \[ \sum _{p,q=1}^m\langle K(x_p, x_q)\eta_q, \eta_p\rangle \geq 0. \] In this case, there is a Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}_K\) of \(\mathcal{E}\)-valued functions on \(\Lambda\) such that \[ \{ K(\cdot , \lambda)\eta : \lambda\in \Lambda,\;\eta \in \mathcal{E}\} \] is a total set in \(\mathcal{H}_K\), and \[ \langle f(\lambda), \eta\rangle =\langle f, K(\cdot, \lambda)\eta\rangle, \;\lambda\in\Lambda, \;\eta\in \mathcal{E}. \] We usually call \(\mathcal{H}_K\) reproducing kernel Hilbert space. A kernel of the form \(K(\lambda, \mu)=k(\lambda, \mu)I_{\mathcal{E}}\) is called a quasikernel where \(k\) is a scalar kernel. Indeed, \(\mathcal{H}_K=\mathcal{H}_k\otimes\mathcal{E}\). Therefore, given an orthonormal basis \(\{e_j\}\subseteq \mathcal{E}\), any \(F\in \mathcal{H}_K\) can be written as \[ F=\sum_j f_j\otimes e_j,\;f_j\in\mathcal{H}_k,\;\sum_j\|f_j\|^2<\infty. \] The paper under review deals with the relationship between the factorization of kernels and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. In the first four sections, the authors recall some necessary background material regarding reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, multipliers, and modules over the polynomials, as well as the tensor product of reproducing kernels. In Section 5, it is proved that for a large class of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, the isometric multipliers are trivial. In Section 6, the authors define the notion of a reproducing kernel Hilbert module on a domain \(\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{C}^n\); they prove that a reproducing kernel Hilbert module on \(\Omega\) dilates to \(\mathcal{H}_{k_1}\otimes \mathcal{E}\), for some Hilbert space \(\mathcal{E}\), if and only if \(K=k_1L\), where \(L\) is a \(\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{E})\)-valued kernel on \(\Omega\). Finally, in the last section, a classification of Brehmer type submodules is provided.