Local analyticity in the time and space variables and the smoothing effect for the fifth-order KdV-type equation (Q541162)

Summary: We consider the initial value problem for the reduced fifth-order KdV-type equation: \(\partial_tu-\partial_x^5u- 10\partial_x(u^3)+ 10\partial_x(\partial_xu)^2=0\), \(t,x\in\mathbb R\), \(u(0,x)= \varphi(x)\), \(x\in\mathbb R\). This equation is obtained by removing the nonlinear term \(10u\partial_x^3u\) from the fifth-order KdV equation. We show the existence of the local solution which is real analytic in both time and space variables if the initial data \(\varphi\in H^s(\mathbb R)\) \((s>1/8)\) satisfies the condition \(\sum_{k-0}^\infty (A_0^k/k!)\|(x\partial_x)^k\varphi\|_{H^s}< \infty\), for some constant \(\Lambda_0\) \((0<\Lambda_0<1)\). Moreover, the smoothing effect for this equation is obtained. The proof of our main result is based on the contraction principle and the bootstrap argument used in the third-order KdV equation [\textit{K. Kato} and \textit{T. Ogawa}, Math. Ann. 316, No.~3, 577--608 (2000; Zbl 0956.35115)]. The key of the proof is to obtain the estimate of \(\partial_x(\partial_xu)^2\) on the Bourgain space, which is accomplished by improving \textit{C. E. Kenig} et al.'s method used in [J. Am. Math. Soc. 9, No.~2, 573--603 (1996; Zbl 0848.35114)].