Schmüdgen's theorem for preorderings of higher level (Q5955995)

The author proves the following analogue of Schmüdgen's Positivstellensatz [cf. \textit{K. Schmüdgen}, Math. Ann. 289, 203-206 (1991; Zbl 0744.44008)] for preorderings of higher level: Suppose that \(R\) is an affine algebra over the field \(K\); \(T\) is a preordering of level \(r\) (i.e., \(T\) is additively and multiplicatively closed, contains every \(2r\)-th power in \(a\in R\), and \(-1\notin T)\); for every \(a\in K\) there is some \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) such that \(n\pm a\in T\) (i.e., the partial order \(T\cap K\) of the field \(K\) is Archimedean); for every \(a\in R\) there is some \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) such that \(n\pm\varphi (a)\geq 0\) for every homomorphism \(\varphi\in X(T)= \{\varphi: R\to \mathbb{R}\mid \varphi(T)\subseteq \mathbb{R}^\geq\}\). Then the preordering \(T\) is Archimedean (i.e., for every \(a\in R\) there is some \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) such that \(n\pm a\in T\)); and an element \(a\in R\) belongs to \(T\) whenever \(\varphi(a)>0\) for each \(\varphi\in X(T)\).Schmüdgen's theorem for preorderings of higher level is also studied by \textit{J.-P. Monnier} and \textit{R. Quarez}, Math. Z. 39, 563-577 (2002; see the following review Zbl 1015.13009).